HAM Radio 3.2

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Text File | 1990-07-21 | 155KB | 3,603 lines

B.Television~ How many watts are being consumed in a circuit having a power factor of 0.6 when the input is 200-VAC and 5-amperes is being drawn?~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 1 microhenry and C is 9 picofarads?~ A.The practical lower frequency limit of a transistor in common emitter configuration~ A.211 kHz~ How do the responsibilities of the control operator of a station under automatic control differ from one under local control?~ What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ D.J3F~ C.The volunteer examiners or a qualified supplier~ How does the bandwidth of the transmitted signal affect selective fading?~ What frequencies in the 10-meter wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ C.Sideband inversion~ B.You are allowed to derive a profit by buying or selling equipment on the air on a regular basis~ What is the term used to refer to the condition where the signals from a very strong station are superimposed on other signals being received?~ D.Because there is a phase angle that is equal to zero between the current and voltage~ C.By increasing the vertical sweep rate and the horizontal amplifier frequency response~ What is meant by remote control of an amateur station?~ B.1.68 MHz~ B.Wire control~ A.Approximately 1.0 to 1~ B.60~ What is a pi-network?~ C.Area of the plates, voltage on the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates~ C.The emission of charged particles from the sun~ D.Radio communications in which amateur station signals are automatically retransmitted~ What is an open repeater?~ D.Vertical~ C.Mixing with noise in the transition region of the diode~ A.Zener diode~ C.It is equally pronounced at both narrow and wide bandwidths~ C.58.3-VAC~ For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum tube Class C amplifier, what should the plate-load resistance be with 1500-volts at the plate and 500- milliamperes plate current?~ B.5 volts and 50 mA~ B.In the ionosphere~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 100 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dB antenna gain?~ C.Harmonic distortion of the transmitted signal~ A.95 kHz~ C.Because there are no reactances in the circuit~ B.76.2 kHz~ A.18.4 MHz~ In what direction is the magnetic field about a conductor when current is flowing?~ B.By isolating the coax shield from ground~ What is the most the actual transmit frequency could differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 0.1 ppm?~ B.F3F~ D.20.5 MHz~ D.A broadband white noise generator~ B.A modulator that produces a double sideband, suppressed carrier signal~ B.It can be used with or without crystal lock-in~ D.222.6 kHz~ C.Approximately 6.0 volts~ A.Stations without a control operator~ A.To swamp out harmonics~ How does a parasitic element generate an electromagnetic field?~ C.14.5 kHz~ A.Silicon and gold~ A.68.2 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ C.180 degrees~ B.Sensing is accomplished by wireless inductive loops~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 75 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 100 ohms?~ D.When high power levels must be filtered~ D.1 wavelength~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 4.468 MHz, the inductance is 47 microhenrys and the resistance is 180 ohms?~ B.21 years old~ A.L-network~ A.A sine wave~ D.Approximately 10.0 volts~ C.A3C~ A.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 6.67 volts~ D.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432 MHz and 434- 437 MHz~ What condition must exist for a circuit to oscillate?~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 21.15 MHz and a Q of 95?~ A.Class A~ D.Man-made noise~ D.40.5 microfarads~ Which sine waves make up a sawtooth wave?~ A.The letters A through Z, 0 through 9, the period, the comma, the question mark, AR, SK, BT and DN~ B.A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or capacitance to produce AM signals~ D.Repeater operation is not permitted in the 23-cm wavelength band~ A.An FM modulator that produces a balanced deviation~ What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having a 30 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?~ B.A regulator that supplies three voltages at a constant current~ Who may be the control operator of an auxiliary station?~ B.29.0-29.7 MHz~ B.Selectivity~ D.13.1 kHz~ D.480 ohms~ What is the term used to refer to the reduction of receiver gain caused by the signals of a nearby station transmitting in the same frequency band?~ What is a disadvantage of using a trap antenna?~ C.3000~ What is meant by automatic control of an amateur station?~ A.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts~ C.3.56 kHz~ What factors should be considered when selecting an intermediate frequency?~ B.The change of base current with respect to emitter current~ C.A network with only three discrete parts~ A.Velocity factor~ A.Approximately 2.0 volts~ D.Deflection amplifier output impedance and tube face frequency increments~ What is the term for the operation of a repeater whereby the repeater station is actuated solely by the presence of a received signal through electrical or electromechanical means, without any direct, positive action by the control operator?~ D.The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance increases~ Which of the following types of amateur communications is not a "prohibited transmission" as defined in Part 97?~ C.A minimum of 21 correct answers~ D.The value of the radiation resistance represents the front-to-back ratio of the antenna~ C.189 Hz~ A.Class A~ D.Only when there are more than 20 applicants attending the examination session~ D.58.7 kHz~ D.It is greater~ A.Alpha~ C.3/4 wavelength~ For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum tube Class B amplifier, what should the plate-load resistance be with 800-volts at the plate and 75- milliamperes plate current?~ D.10,667 ohms~ A.It is more pronounced at wide bandwidths~ D.A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals~ B.Epsilon~ D.By adjusting the pass-band tuning~ C.Patches of dense ionization at E-layer height~ What is the RMS voltage at a common household electrical power outlet?~ What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having a 60 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?~ A.Current flow through space around a permanent magnet~ C.Efficiency = (RF power in) / (DC power in) X 100%~ D.69.9 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.They must prepare the examination from material contained in a question pool maintained by the FCC in Washington~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 14.25 MHz and a Q of 150?~ What is the condition called which occurs when the signals of two transmitters in close proximity mix together in one or both of their final amplifiers, and unwanted signals at the sum and difference frequencies of the original transmissions are generated?~ A.R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ D.The VE's amateur station license may be revoked and the operator's license suspended~ D.The force that drives current through a resistor~ Under what conditions, if any, may communications be transmitted to a commercial business by an amateur station?~ Where do volunteer examiners obtain the questions for preparing an Element 2 written examination?~ B.The applicant's ability to send and receive text in international Morse code at a rate of not less than 5 words per minute~ What is a sporadic-E condition?~ A.A minimum of 19 correct answers~ B.72 ohms~ A.To improve reception~ B.The VE is subject to a monetary fine not to exceed $500 for each day the offense was committed~ D.0.023~ C.Distortion caused by auroral propagation~ D.Junction diodes~ A.1.414~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 43 microhenrys and the resistance is 1,800 ohms?~ B.NE-2~ What special type of diode is capable of both amplification and oscillation?~ D.13 years old~ A.180 times~ D.16.5 kHz~ A.A filter whose input impedance varies widely over the design bandwidth~ A.Junction and point contact~ D.A mixing process whereby information is imposed upon a carrier~ B.Colpitts~ C.By operating class C~ B.Faraday rotation~ B.Through link coupling~ In facsimile, how are variations in picture brightness and darkness converted into voltage variations?~ How many watts are being consumed in a circuit having a power factor of 0.2 when the input is 100-VAC and 4-amperes is being drawn?~ B.Calibration, series resistance and electromagnet current~ What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?~ C.10.3 MHz~ D.53.1 kHz~ What is an advantage of using a pi-L-network instead of a pi-network for impedance matching between the final amplifier of a vacuum-tube type transmitter and a multiband antenna?~ B.1/2 wavelength~ A.Maximum forward current and capacitance~ C.1500 Hz~ C.Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and maximum output voltage~ B.Symbol B~ What is the meaning of the term beta cutoff frequency with regard to a bipolar transistor?~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 120 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dB antenna gain?~ B.Because the RF resistance of the conductor is much less than the DC resistance~ B.6 picofarads~ B.Common-collector amplifier~ What is the meaning of the term beta with regard to bipolar transistors?~ A.When employed by the FCC~ D.By multiplying the RMS voltage times the RMS current~ C.31.4 kHz~ B.1.78 MHz~ B.Output for greater than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees of the input signal cycle~ Who is responsible for preparing an Element 2 written examination?~ A.A Zener diode~ C.The phenomenon where thermal effects on the surface of the conductor increase the impedance~ D.Amateur stations other than those under manual control~ B.24.3 meters~ C.Because of heating of the metal at the conductor's interior~ A.As a constant current source~ D.It bypasses hum around D1~ D.13.3~ How are FM-phone signals detected?~ A.The resistance divided by the current~ B.Approximately 12~ A.2 microhenrys~ D.In the ionosphere~ D.Symbol D~ B.To lower the losses~ B.Squelch gain adjusted too high~ In an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency deviation of 3000 Hz either side of the carrier frequency, what is the modulation index when the modulating frequency is 1000 Hz?~ B.3.18 kHz~ What is a dip-meter?~ D.The repeater station is actuated by a call sign sent in Morse code~ D.A filter whose input impedance varies widely over the design bandwidth~ D.The applicant's ability to send text in international Morse code at a rate of not less than 13 words per minute~ C.Self bias~ C.Symbol C~ A.In the audio amplifier~ How much farther does the radio-path horizon distance exceed the geometric horizon?~ A.Capacitance~ D.It has a high output power~ D.Class AB~ B.0.543~ D.A Zener diode~ B.By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by heterodyning~ A.By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by filtering~ D.CW~ C.A detector that uses a mixing process with a locally generated carrier~ B.An electric field and a magnetic field~ B.A less accurate reading results~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 12.8 MHz and a Q of 218?~ C.Desensitizing~ How can a neon lamp be used to check for the presence of RF?~ A.60 volts and 20 mA~ C.24 meters~ B.It can measure frequency accurately~ B.0.866~ What is the purpose of C1 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ D.Calibration, mechanical tolerance and coil impedance~ C.It is too sharply directional at the lower amateur frequencies~ B.The lowest frequency that will pass current~ At the ends of a half-wave antenna, what values of current and voltage exist compared to the remainder of the antenna?~ B.17.7 kHz~ C.When it is gated "off"~ D.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432 MHz and 434- 437 MHz~ D.To any VEC~ What determines the velocity factor in a transmission line?~ B.The FCC~ C.1.0 MHz~ To obtain the best temperature stability, what should be the operating voltage of the reference diode in a linear voltage regulator?~ B.The location of the antenna with respect to nearby objects and the length/diameter ratio of the conductors~ D.It is zero~ What are the only types of messages that may be transmitted to an amateur station in a foreign country?~ D.When the signals from the transmitters are reflected in phase from airplanes passing overhead~ B.RTTY~ C.Time differences between the receiving and transmitting stations~ A.58.7 kHz~ C.At D-layer height~ A.2.14~ A.30~ A.By using a grid dip meter~ D.When an antenna located 23000 feet from an airport runway will be 100 feet high~ B.By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter~ Why does the radio-path horizon distance exceed the geometric horizon?~ A.Federal Aviation Administration and Federal Communications Commission~ D.Resistance~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 75 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dB antenna gain?~ A.During a switching transition~ C.Receiver quieting~ D.Class AB~ C.The letters A through Z, 0 through 9, the period, the comma, the dollar sign, the question mark, AR, SK, BT and DN~ A.When the antenna structure violates local building codes~ C.76 m (250 feet)~ C.Violet, blue, yellow, orange and red~ B.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts~ D.28.5-29.7 MHz~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 15 microhenrys and C is 5 picofarads?~ C.By feeding back an out-of-phase component of the output to the input~ A.Sensitivity~ C.It only requires inductors~ D.By increasing the horizontal sweep rate and the vertical amplifier frequency response~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 100 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dB antenna gain?~ D.When the immediate safety of human life or immediate protection of property is involved~ What effect does auroral activity have upon radio communications?~ What type of emission is produced when an amplitude modulated transmitter is modulated by a television signal?~ What type of emission is produced when an amplitude modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal?~ D.They must prepare the examination from a common question pool maintained by the VEC's or obtain a question set from a supplier~ What is the term used to express the ratio of change in DC collector current to a change in emitter current in a bipolar transistor?~ C.A network used to generate a leading phase angle~ C.10.1 kHz~ A.A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or capacitance to produce FM signals~ B.Any Novice licensee~ C.SSB and AMTOR~ A.It is at a minimum~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts, R1 is 8 kilohms, and R2 is 8 kilohms?~ C.The ratio of the carrier center frequency to the audio modulating frequency~ D.As a high voltage rectifier~ D.Call sign and signal reports only~ A.Area of the plates, voltage on the plates and distance between the plates~ B.It is more pronounced at narrow bandwidths~ D.Control link~ C.Cross modulation occurs~ B.81.47 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ B.A tunnel diode~ A.The change of collector current with respect to base current~ How does the length of the director element of a parasitic element beam antenna compare with that of the driven element?~ A.In the same direction as the current~ D.Approximately equal to XC~ D.432.1 Hz~ C.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.By increasing the receiver's RF gain while decreasing the AF gain~ C.By using a loop modulator followed by a mixer~ C.60 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.It must have positive feedback sufficient to overcome losses~ D.As a voltage controlled capacitance~ B.A filter whose velocity factor is constant over a wide range of frequencies~ B.True power~ B.If the employee does not normally communicate with the manufacturing or distribution part of the company~ D.150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ What is the term used to refer to a reduction in receiver sensitivity caused by unwanted high-level adjacent channel signals?~ What is a wave called which abruptly changes back and forth between two voltage levels and which remains an equal time at each level?~ What can occur when a non-linear amplifier is used with a single-sideband phone transmitter?~ What are the principal frequencies which appear at the output of a mixer circuit?~ C.1.7 volts and 20 mA~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 12.6 microhenrys and the resistance is 22,000 ohms?~ D.Field effect transistor~ C.The practical lower frequency limit of a transistor in common base configuration~ D.By using a balanced modulator on an oscillator~ A.Desensitizing~ What is the meaning of the term transition region with regard to a transistor?~ B.Cross-modulation interference~ Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?~ D.By measuring the heating effect in a known resistor~ B.14.652 kHz~ D.Intermodulation distortion occurs~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 42 microhenrys and the resistance is 220 ohms?~ D.Only CW may be used for identification~ B.Varactor diode~ C.A wave that produces a phase angle tangent to the unit circle~ D.Forward and reversed biased~ Which class of amplifier has an operating angle of more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees when driven by a sine wave signal?~ D.When passing international third-party communications~ A.Interference between two transmitters of different modulation type~ D.Output for 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ B.Alpha cutoff frequency~ C.L-network, pi-network and pi-L-network~ C.Stations under remote control~ B.By a frequency discriminator~ B.High Q~ C.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ C.Because of skin effect~ What is cross-modulation interference?~ B.Transmissions ensuring safety on a highway, such as calling a commercial tow truck service~ D.1.4652 MHz~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 25 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?~ What are the penalties for fraudulently administering examinations?~ Why is the value of the radiation resistance of an antenna important?~ D.By installing a low-pass filter in the antenna feed line~ D.Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and side of the antenna~ D.Sunspot activity and the time of day~ A.7.35~ Why is a dip-meter used by many amateur operators?~ C.146.52 Hz~ What are the factors that determine the radiation resistance of an antenna?~ C.Joules-coulombs~ C.Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more than 5 minutes if the control link malfunctions~ C.It can be tuned over a wide range~ B.29.1 MHz~ D.240 lines per minute~ D.A voltage field and a current field~ What is resonance in an electrical circuit?~ C.234-VAC~ A.By driving a product detector with a DSB signal~ B.With a reactance modulator on the oscillator~ What is the audio frequency for white in an amateur slow-scan television picture?~ D.10.8 kHz~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 150 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dB antenna gain?~ C.Approximately 5.6-V AC RMS~ A.R3 = 40 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ B.The recovery of intelligence from the modulated RF signal~ B.Interference caused by audio rectification in the receiver preamp~ D.Voltage regulation~ D.The VEC~ B.D-layer skip~ A.13 words per minute~ C.AM~ What are the frequency privileges authorized to the Advanced operator in the 75-meter wavelength band?~ C.Remote control of model airplanes or boats using frequencies above 29.5 MHz~ D.Under local control, a control operator is not required to be present at the control point at all times~ A.300 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ Which class of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?~ C.It is dc~ D.This is allowed only if you also give the serial number of the equipment~ A.Number of digits in the readout, speed of the logic and time base stability~ D.The transmission of printed pictures for permanent display on paper~ C.By altering the phase of the current on the driven element~ How many lines are there in each frame of an amateur slow-scan television picture?~ B.A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies~ A.It can measure signal strength accurately~ What is the propagation effect called when phase differences between radio wave components of the same transmission are experienced at the recovery station?~ A.The squelching of a signal until a critical signal-to-noise ratio is reached~ C.PIN diodes~ C.Input coupling~ B.Because of the Heisenburg Effect~ B.The junction temperature~ A.As balanced mixers in SSB generation~ What is meant by automatic retransmission from a repeater station?~ B.To provide reference points on a receiver dial~ B.The transistor is at its operating point~ B.2.12 MHz~ At the center of a half-wave antenna, what values of voltage and current exist compared to the remainder of the antenna?~ Which emission modes suffer the most from selective fading?~ C.Skin effect~ A.79.6 MHz~ B.27.9 kHz~ B.500 Hz at -6 dB~ D.A transmission-limiting timing device~ A.Symbol A~ B.Interference to other services~ D.Phase differences between radio wave components of the same transmission, as experienced at the receiving station~ B.It can only be used for single band operation~ A.A field strength meter~ B.Beta~ B.Because the conductor resistance is low compared to the radiation resistance~ D.Number of digits in the readout, external frequency reference and temperature coefficient of the logic~ A.800 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.Horizontal~ A.As much gain as possible short of self oscillation~ What value inductor would be required to tune a 15-picofarad capacitor to resonate in the 15-meter wavelength band?~ What is the term for the ratio of actual velocity at which a signal travels through a line to the speed of light in a vacuum?~ C.2000~ C.It can measure transmitter output power accurately~ A.Faraday rotation~ C.4321 Hz~ What appears to be the major cause of the sporadic-E condition?~ D.Overloading~ B.A tunnel diode~ B.1000 watts~ C.F3F~ B.Man-made noise~ C.Time base accuracy, temperature coefficient of the logic and time base stability~ What is the schematic symbol for a silicon controlled rectifier? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-3.1)~ Why is the resistance of a conductor different for RF current than for DC?~ C.14.04 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ A.Symbol A~ C.2.65 MHz~ D.The mixing of noise with the received signal~ D.As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors~ B.Varactor and rectifying~ C.The hot-carrier diode~ D.Constant-M~ C.Three-quarters of the way from the feed point toward the end~ B.Kinetic energy is gained by the radio wave~ C.In the receiver front end~ A.By using a Class C final amplifier with high driving power~ What is the term for the phenomenon where most of an RF current flows along the surface of the conductor?~ C.Maximum reverse current and capacitance~ C.0.136~ C.A sine wave~ B.R3 = 8 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts~ A.Class A~ A.Switching voltage regulator~ C.31.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.10 Hz~ A.Symbol A~ A.Anytime that particular code is used for at least part of the communication~ A.Under local control, there is no control operator~ A.10 MHz~ B.14.4 ohms~ A.As loosely as possible, for best accuracy~ D.Etching and grinding~ D.35.4 MHz~ C.To measure the deviation in an FM transmitter~ What is the approximate DC input power to a Class B RF power amplifier stage in an FM-phone transmitter when the PEP output power is 1500 watts?~ B.The specific impedance of the antenna~ D.When the square root of the product of the capacitive and inductive reactances is equal to the resonant frequency~ What are the frequency privileges authorized to the Advanced operator in the 20-meter wavelength band?~ A.You are not allowed to sell or trade equipment on the air~ C.Under no circumstances~ B.1.2 volts to 7 volts~ D.22.1~ B.It is decreased~ B.Quieting~ D.One-half of the way from the feed point toward the end~ A.With a balanced modulator on the audio amplifier~ A.By using a push-push amplifier~ B.A constant voltage under conditions of varying current~ B.It must be neutralized~ C.It is stable~ A.Small changes in beam heading at the receiving station~ A.A detector that provides local oscillations for input to the mixer~ A.50.3 MHz~ In a circuit where the AC voltage and current are out of phase, how can the true power be determined?~ C.To self resonate at the hum frequency~ A.Desensitization~ B.Fixed bias~ B.Tune out cross-modulation distortion~ A.High, as compared to the circuit resistance~ A.Output is present for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ D.Approximately 2000 miles~ A.Along the surface~ D.Class D~ A.It matches a small impedance range~ How can a double-sideband phone signal be produced?~ B.Approximately 500 miles~ D.The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses (including any phasing lines present)~ What is a frequency counter?~ C.19.9 MHz~ C.146.52 kHz~ C.A negative resistance region~ C.Gate, source and sink~ A.Approximately 120~ C.Symbol C~ A.The frequency is a linear function of the load impedance~ C.F3F~ D.The amplitude of the wave~ A.46 m (150 feet)~ D.Approximately 1.2~ A.4.49 kHz~ D.1/60 second per frame at 240 lpm~ A.Cathode, plate and grid~ A.Antenna length divided by the number of elements~ Where in the ionosphere does auroral activity occur?~ D.Alternately increase the plate current with the loading capacitor and dip the plate current with the tuning capacitor~ D.A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or capacitance to produce AM signals~ In what region of the world is sporadic-E most prevalent?~ C.52.00-53.00 MHz~ Under what circumstances, if any, may an amateur station automatically retransmit programs or the radio signals of other amateur stations?~ D.It clips the peaks of the ripple~ What are the frequency privileges authorized to the Advanced operator in the 40-meter wavelength band?~ C.Symbol C~ B.By using a push-pull amplifier~ D.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ What is one responsibility of a control operator of a station under remote control?~ D.The receiver bandwidth determines the selective fading effect~ What is the purpose of R1 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ B.144.50-148.00 MHz~ B.The change of base current with respect to collector current~ What is the purpose of R2 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ A.Transmission of messages into a disaster area for hire or for material compensation~ A.CW and SSB~ What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-11?~ B.Quieting index~ B.0.66~ What is the meaning of the term alpha cutoff frequency with regard to bipolar transistors?~ B.Output is present for exactly 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ A.The VE's amateur station license may be suspended for a period not to exceed 3 months~ A.The relative frequencies of the individual crystals~ D.A fixed point in an electromagnetic wave~ B.Joules~ B.63.7 MHz~ A.28.0-28.7 MHz~ D.420.5-433, 435-438 and 439-450 MHz~ B.220.50-225.00 MHz~ A.Reactive quiescence~ A.An electric field and a current field~ C.The applicant's ability to send and receive text in international Morse code at a rate of not less than 20 words per minute~ A.Reflected waves at a specific frequency desensitize the detector coil~ C.632 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.4.31~ A.A circuit for detecting FM signals~ B.The back and forth oscillation of electrons in an LC circuit~ A.120 Hz~ A.The capacitance to ground is less farther away from the base~ What is meant by the term antenna efficiency?~ D.68.2 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 50 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 25 ohms?~ A.The junction diode~ How many times does a sine wave cross the zero axis in one complete cycle?~ A.Only when the station licensee is present~ D.Facsimile~ What are the advantages of using an LED?~ C.In the atmosphere~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 4 microhenrys and C is 8 picofarads?~ D.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ B.In the equatorial band~ C.Peak envelope power~ D.2.13 MHz~ What is a three-terminal regulator?~ B.A network consisting of two inductors and two capacitors~ D.In a direction determined by the left hand rule~ A.Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable~ D.A reduction in receiver sensitivity when the AF gain control is turned down~ What is the term for the ratio of the radiation resistance of an antenna to the total resistance of the system?~ B.The line length~ A.A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies~ What is the approximate magnitude of the impedance of a series R-L-C circuit at resonance?~ C.251 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.R3 = 16 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts~ C.An element that receives its excitation from mutual coupling rather than from a transmission line~ B.By measuring the voltage with a D'Arsonval meter~ D.Pi-L-network~ B.By using a better antenna~ B.The value of a DC voltage that would cause the same heating effect in a given resistor as a peak AC voltage~ A.Circular~ C.Symbol C~ B.A station in beacon operation~ C.Manual or simplex operation~ C.Auroral skip~ B.43.1~ B.0.3~ What are the two primary classifications of Zener diodes?~ A.43.21 Hz~ D.The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency~ A.Equal voltage and current~ B.Efficiency = (RF power in) / (RF power out) X 100%~ D.The electromagnetic wave has been generated by a quad antenna~ D.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ B.When passing emergency traffic~ D.Through a tapped coil~ C.A variable LC oscillator with metered feedback current~ D.7.96 MHz~ A.Amplifier desensitization~ A.By approximately 1/3 the distance~ B.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432 MHz and 435- 437 MHz~ A.High-gain amplifier~ C.36.9 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ B.A Special Temporary Authorization~ D.By modulating the plate supply voltage to a class C amplifier~ D.Distortion~ A.When the repeater is operating under portable power~ B.Horizontal~ What is the input terminal impedance at the center of a folded dipole antenna?~ A.A repeater containing control circuitry that limits repeater access to certain users~ D.Symbol D~ D.21.1 kHz~ B.A device used to produce a highly accurate reference frequency~ C.The remote control apparatus between a control point and a remotely controlled station~ What is a Class AB amplifier?~ B.A3C~ D.Automatic retransmission~ D.By approximately four times the distance~ A.81.47 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ What is the principal characteristic of a tunnel diode?~ What is the primary purpose of an RF amplifier in a receiver?~ C.Symbol C~ What is a selective fading effect?~ A.When the response must be maximally flat at one frequency~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 25 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 50 ohms?~ Within how many days after the administration of a successful Novice examination must the examiners submit the application to the FCC?~ D.7.12 kHz~ C.The force between the plates of a charged capacitor~ C.Output for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ For a shortened vertical antenna, where should a loading coil be placed to minimize losses and produce the most effective performance?~ D.165.5 volts~ B.Approximately 1765 watts~ D.An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage~ B.North~ C.High lumens per cm per cm and low voltage requirement~ C.22.3 kHz~ C.The VE's amateur station license may be revoked and the operator's license suspended~ D.Galena and bismuth~ A.Driven element~ C.Both the electric and magnetic fields are horizontal~ What is meant by auxiliary operation?~ C.A sawtooth wave~ What does it mean for a transistor to be cut off?~ A.The automatic-control devices at an unattended station~ A.A network consisting entirely of four inductors~ B.44.9 kHz~ D.Automatic control of an amateur station is the use of a control link between a control point and a remotely controlled station~ D.120 Hz~ B.Automatic operation of a station from a control point located elsewhere than at the station transmitter~ C.With a photodetector~ D.1.4652 kHz~ B.The traps form a high impedance to isolate parts of the antenna~ D.Sporadic-E~ C.A neon lamp will light only in the presence of very low frequency RF~ A.A regulator in which the conduction of a control element is varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current~ B.A repeater containing no special control circuitry to limit access to any licensed amateur~ D.600 watts~ A.The transmission of Baudot or ASCII signals by radio~ C.The modulation of a carrier~ A.Approximately 300 million meters per second~ D.76.2 kHz~ A.J3A~ What is the physical length of a twin lead transmission feedline at 3.65 MHz? (assume a velocity factor of 0.80.)~ What is the schematic symbol for a varactor diode? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-1.10)~ B.Approximately 5-V AC RMS~ C.Symbol C~ A.R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts~ B.SSB and FM~ What are the elements of a unijunction transistor?~ B.4 times~ A.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ A.Decoupling~ C.The current is greater at the top~ When may a repeater be identified using digital codes?~ D.It is twice as long~ C.15.9 kHz~ B.Symbol B~ What is a driven element of an antenna?~ D.Power consumed in circuit Q~ C.During Red Cross or other emergency service drills~ C.The speech characteristics~ C.0.866~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 50 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 75 ohms?~ D.To prevent bleed-through of the local oscillator~ B.Class B~ B.FM communications are clearer~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 100 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and X1 is 25 ohms?~ C.47.3 kHz~ B.It is about 5% shorter~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 50 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dB antenna gain?~ What are the three general groupings of filters?~ D.RTTY and AM~ A.90 degrees~ B.Radiation conversion loss~ A.An amateur operator holding a General, Advanced or Extra class license and at least 18 years old~ B.Increased intelligibility~ B.As a constant voltage source~ A.The continued motion of a radio wave through space when the transmitter is turned off~ D.A beat frequency is generated~ A.It provides a constant load to the voltage source~ A.A dipole that is one-quarter wavelength long~ D.23.7 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.The tunnel diode~ C.47.3 kHz~ C.East~ B.They have high gain in all azimuthal directions~ D.Man-made noise~ C.The transmission of video by amateur television~ B.Through a capacitive divider~ Does the L-, pi-, or pi-L-network provide the greatest harmonic suppression?~ B.Its internal capacitance varies with the applied voltage~ D.By a phase splitter~ B.63.2 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a Colpitts oscillator?~ C.The element fed by the transmission line~ What value capacitor would be required to tune a 100-microhenry inductor to resonate in the 160-meter wavelength band?~ D.Area of the plates, amount of charge on the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates~ D.117-VAC~ D.R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ A.An area of low charge density around the P-N junction~ What is a wave front?~ B.The VE is subject to a monetary fine not to exceed $500 for each day the offense was committed~ A.Voice transmission~ D.Modulation index~ D.The fundamental frequency and all odd harmonics~ What is the principal characteristic of a varactor diode?~ If the control link for a station under remote control malfunctions, there must be a provision to limit transmission to what time length?~ D.53.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ A.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433 MHz and 436- 438 MHz~ C.Colpitts~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 7.1 MHz and a Q of 150?~ C.Because of Eddy currents~ B.A circuit for filtering two closely adjacent signals~ B.17.8 kHz~ B.A sweep generator~ B.Approximately equal to the circuit resistance~ A.Approximately 6 minutes per frame at 240 lpm~ D.The transmission of still pictures by radio~ D.Maximum current flows from emitter to collector~ C.By CW or voice~ A.Layer effect~ What device is used to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field?~ B.21000 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21300 kHz to 21450 kHz~ Which of the following repeater operating and technical parameters are not the responsibility of the area frequency coordinator?~ How does intermodulation interference between two transmitters usually occur?~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 14.225 MHz, the inductance is 3.5 microhenrys and the resistance is 10,000 ohms?~ D.NE-4~ A.By a balanced modulator~ B.Voltage reference~ C.Approximately 6 seconds per frame at 240 lpm~ B.Symbol B~ What is facsimile?~ B.Symbol B~ B.1500 ohms~ What type of linear regulator is used in applications requiring efficient utilization of the primary power source?~ C.The change of collector current with respect to emitter current~ D.It may be used for multiband operation~ D.The point where wire leads are connected to the P- or N-type material~ A.10.1 MHz~ C.By using a reactance modulator on an oscillator~ D.At 1.414 times the saturation point~ A.Radio communication from a location more than 50 miles from that indicated on the station license for a period of more than three months~ A.A repeater that does not contain control circuitry that limits repeater access to certain users~ A.3525 kHz to 3750 kHz and 3775 kHz to 4000 kHz~ D.Class AB~ D.Modulation from an unwanted signal is heard in addition to the desired signal~ B.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts~ B.Power coupled from an oscillator causes a decrease in metered current~ C.Transmission line resistance plus radiation resistance~ B.Approximately 1250 watts~ What is the schematic symbol for a PNP transistor? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-2.1)~ D.88 microfarads~ D.Class AB~ A.There is no base current~ C.Maximum voltage and minimum current~ D.1.73~ B.10.5 kHz~ C.Gamma~ What is the purpose of C3 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ D.Peak effective power~ C.Scatter~ C.Symbol C~ B.0.0319~ C.Hartley~ Under what circumstances, if any, may an employee of a company which is engaged in the distribution of equipment used in connection with amateur radio transmissions be a volunteer examiner?~ What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves as horizontally polarized?~ D.1.2 volts to 5.6 volts~ A.Efficiency = (radiation resistance) / (transmission resistance) X 100%~ D.Gate, source and sink~ A.Reverse bias~ A.75.1~ A.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ What is the principle of detection in a diode detector?~ B.Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more than 4 minutes if the control link malfunctions~ B.Alternately increase the plate current with the tuning capacitor and dip the plate current with the loading capacitor~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 10.1 microhenrys and the resistance is 100 ohms?~ C.Reactive equilibrium~ What is the flywheel effect?~ What causes receiver desensitizing?~ C.22.3 kHz~ B.60 ohms~ B.It allows ripple in the passband~ D.No identification is needed in digital transmissions~ C.71.5~ A.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.If the employee does not normally communicate with the benefits and policies part of the company~ C.Approximately 5.6 volts~ A.The equatorial regions~ A.Spurious mixer products are generated~ A.21.1 kHz~ A.146.52 Hz~ A.200 watts~ Why is the L-network of limited utility in impedance matching?~ A.Approximately 850 watts~ B.Class B~ What frequencies are authorized for radio remote control of a station in repeater operation?~ What would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice band-pass filter for a single-sideband phone emission?~ Why should the RF amplifier stage of a receiver only have sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise generated in the first mixer stage?~ C.It provides fixed bias for Q1~ In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of C2?~ B.Remote control of model craft~ D.A control operator indirectly manipulating the operating adjustments in the station through a control link~ D.17.8 MHz~ B.Carrier rejection through phase nulling~ C.To lower the Q~ C.18 years old~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts, R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms?~ C.Through link coupling~ What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?~ B.Grounded emitter amplifier~ D.A transmission line that radiates radio-frequency energy~ D.A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies~ A.Class A~ B.Symbol B~ C.21025 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21225 kHz to 21450 kHz~ A.Output coupling~ B.Pi-network~ C.The VEC~ D.A shunt regulator~ D.21025 kHz to 21250 kHz and 21270 kHz to 21450 kHz~ D.2.73~ D.Kinetic energy~ D.By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter~ C.A regulator in which the control device is switched on or off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load conditions~ C.Only when the control operator is present~ C.Forward conducting and reverse conducting~ B.Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Communications Commission~ A.If the employee is employed in the amateur radio sales part of the company~ B.Approximately 600 watts~ C.14000 kHz to 14025 kHz and 14200 kHz to 14350 kHz~ A.A power supply filter made with crisscrossed quartz crystals~ B.Ducting~ What are three major oscillator circuits often used in amateur radio equipment?~ A.Gain~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 14.25 MHz and a Q of 187?~ A.The frequency of the modulating signal~ A.Splitting and tumbling~ A.The volunteer examiners or a qualified supplier~ B.Horizontal~ B.The area of maximum P-type charge~ Who is responsible for preparing an Element 1(A) telegraphy examination?~ Which emission modes are best for auroral propagation?~ D.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.By increasing the accuracy of the time base~ C.420.5-435 and 438-450 MHz~ A.It provides fixed bias for Q1~ A.14000 kHz to 14150 kHz and 14175 kHz to 14350 kHz~ D.Gate, base 1 and base 2~ What is the velocity factor for a typical coaxial cable?~ D.A regulator in which the conduction of a control element is varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current~ B.Breakdown of the Zener voltage~ D.To directly measure wavelength~ B.It only requires capacitors~ C.4800 ohms~ A.7000 kHz to 7300 kHz~ A.The feedback connection to the error amplifier is made directly to the load~ What is meant by the term deviation ratio?~ D.50.3 kHz~ C.144.75-146.00 and 146-148.00 MHz~ B.Electrical length divided by 0.8~ A.Symbol A~ A.FM~ A.It resonates at the ripple frequency~ A.117-VAC~ A.36.9 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.3.54 MHz~ A.36.8~ D.Beta~ What is the peak-to-peak voltage at a common household electrical outlet?~ A.Kinetic energy is given up by the radio wave~ What is the minimum age to be a volunteer examiner?~ A.400 watts~ What frequencies in the 2-meter wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ D.58.7 kHz~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 10.1 MHz and a Q of 225?~ C.It is less than 50% that of a simple dipole~ B.The repeater is actuated by a telephone control link~ What is a folded dipole antenna?~ D.That frequency at which the grounded gate current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor~ A.Approximately 110-V AC RMS~ A.It is about 5% longer~ A.Potential energy~ A.Intermodulation distortion~ B.126 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.Adjacent channel interference~ C.The angle between the half-power radiation points~ D.Greater harmonic suppression~ A.23.7 MHz~ D.2.12 kHz~ D.Phase shift~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 25 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 100 ohms?~ What determines the strength of the magnetic field around a conductor?~ A.43.21 MHz~ C.Low, as compared to the circuit resistance~ D.1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency~ What is the modern standard scan rate for a facsimile picture transmitted by an amateur station?~ How can cross-modulation in a receiver be reduced?~ What type of linear voltage regulator is used in applications where the load on the unregulated voltage source must be kept constant?~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts, R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms?~ A.It bypasses hum around D1~ A.A3F~ D.F3C~ A.Because there is a phase angle that is greater than zero between the current and voltage~ C.Symbol C~ B.Technical or personal messages only~ D.Stations controlling model craft~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts, R1 is 8 kilohms, and R2 is 16 kilohms?~ C.Common emitter amplifier~ A.20 meters~ B.Forward bias~ A.6.63 MHz~ C.Galena and germanium~ C.The use of a capacitor in a power supply to filter rectified AC~ What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having a 45 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?~ D.A repeater shut down by order of an FCC District Engineer-in-Charge~ C.It is a constant for all antennas since it is a physical constant~ C.7.12 MHz~ D.Strong field~ C.Class C~ On which amateur frequency band is extended distant propagation effect of sporadic-E most often observed?~ C.By approximately one-half the distance~ B.10 Hz~ C.Prior approval~ A.6 kHz at -6 dB~ What is a control link?~ C.Lower losses~ What is a common use of a hot-carrier diode?~ C.10.3 ohms~ B.606 kHz~ D.146.00-148.00 MHz~ D.It is one-half as long~ B.80 watts~ B.R3 = 40 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts~ B.Sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise generated in the first mixer stage~ C.With a reactance modulator on the final amplifier~ D.Because it has less corona from the element ends than other types of antennas~ C.Amateur stations in space satellite operation~ What is the schematic symbol for a semiconductor diode/rectifier? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-1.1)~ B.Gate, anode 1 and anode 2~ What is the modulation index of an FM-phone transmitter producing an instantaneous carrier deviation of 6 kHz when modulated with a 2-kHz modulating frequency?~ B.Other amateur stations within a system of cooperating amateur stations~ What is a frequency discriminator?~ A.22.3 kHz~ B.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432 MHz and 435- 437 MHz~ A.The value of an AC voltage found by squaring the average value of the peak AC voltage~ D.Only during portable operation~ In a half-wave antenna, where are the voltage nodes?~ B.Sine wave~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 50 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dB antenna gain?~ C.Approximately 2500 watts~ D.It provides D1 with current~ C.The transmission of printed pictures by electrical means~ B.6 meters~ C.Junction diode~ C.The presence of a strong signal on a nearby frequency~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 100 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and X1 is 75 ohms?~ B.Approximately 3.0 volts~ C.The generation of electrical energy by the application of light~ C.A station in auxiliary operation~ D.14025 kHz to 14150 kHz and 14175 kHz to 14350 kHz~ B.By using a reactance modulator followed by a mixer~ What type of wave is characterized by a rise time significantly faster than the fall time (or vice versa)?~ B.A brief increase in VHF signal levels from meteor trails at E-layer height~ C.By using an absorption wavemeter~ C.A repeater that continuously transmits a signal to indicate that it is available for use~ How does the bandwidth of a folded dipole antenna compare with that of a simple dipole antenna?~ C.Dynamic response~ D.63.7 kHz~ A.Amateur communications conducted from a specific geographical location other than that shown on the station license~ C.The electromagnetic wave encounters the ionosphere and returns to its source~ B.Increased selectivity and optimal tuned-circuit design~ What is the schematic symbol for a tunnel diode? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-1.7)~ How are junction diodes rated?~ D.165.5-VAC~ D.10.3 kHz~ C.0.6~ C.An automatic bandswitching circuit~ C.In the receiver front end~ How many questions must an Element 2 written examination contain?~ What is the piezoelectric effect?~ D.Symbol D~ B.Antenna gain~ D.331 volts~ B.Digital identification is not allowed~ C.405 picofarads~ What is the deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz and accepting a maximum modulation rate of 3.5 kHz?~ D.It has high output power~ B.The collector current is at its minimum value~ A.Because it is non-resonant~ C.36.9 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ A.Tunnel diodes~ B.Silicon and germanium~ C.In all directions; omnidirectional~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 2 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads?~ A.In the atmosphere~ D.Reactive power~ A.When the signals from the transmitters are reflected out of phase from airplanes passing overhead~ What is meant by the term antenna gain?~ A.The readability of SSB signals increases~ In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of R1 and R2?~ C.7.12 kHz~ Which sine waves make up a square wave?~ A.60~ B.It can match impedances over a wide range of frequencies~ B.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ B.Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and rear of the antenna~ A.It has high directivity in the high-frequency amateur bands~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts, R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms?~ A.When the total remuneration does not exceed $25~ C.Because earth-induced currents add to its radiated power~ C.3 volts to 2000 volts~ C.150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ For reasonably efficient operation of a transistor amplifier, what should the load resistance be with 12-volts at the collector and 5 watts power output?~ A.Just below the saturation point~ A.Electrical length times 0.8~ What is the approximate transmission time for a facsimile picture transmitted by an amateur station?~ B.Tumbling and grinding~ What frequencies in the 23-cm wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ B.A transformer~ B.Large changes in the height of the ionosphere, as experienced at the receiving station~ B.An SWR meter~ A.Symbol A~ D.Self bias~ D.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts~ D.5.31 kHz~ D.R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ C.Power supply decoupling~ C.R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 2.67 volts~ C.25.6~ A.RTTY~ B.A wave with a straight line rise time faster than the fall time (or vice versa)~ B.Director element~ D.A buffer oscillator~ D.Because of the ac-resistance of the conductor's self inductance~ C.432.1 Hz~ A.A constant current source~ C.600 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.12 picofarads~ C.Three-quarters of the way from the feed point toward the end~ B.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ D.Point contact diode~ D.15 kHz at -6 dB~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts, R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms?~ Under what circumstances, if any, may a person whose amateur station license or amateur operator license has ever been revoked or suspended be a volunteer examiner?~ D.A shunt current source~ A.The transmission of characters by radioteletype that form a picture when printed~ A.By the RF current received from a connected transmission line~ A.M-network, pi-network and T-network~ C.When the number of components must be minimized~ C.A repeater containing a transmitter and receiver on the same frequency, a closed pair~ B.Through link coupling~ B.That frequency at which the grounded emitter current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor~ C.Resistive and capacitive~ C.Approximately 2.5 to 1~ What value capacitor would be required to tune a 20-microhenry inductor to resonate in the 80-meter wavelength band?~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 4 microhenrys and C is 20 picofarads?~ A.Adjust the loading capacitor to maximum capacitance and then dip the plate current with the tuning capacitor~ B.15.9 MHz~ C.Only voice may be allowed~ C.Tropospheric ducting~ D.A high forward current rating~ What is the meaning of the term velocity factor of a transmission line?~ What is meant by the term modulation?~ B.All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an AM receiver~ In a telegraphy examination, how many characters are counted as one word?~ C.A device for accurately measuring frequency to within 1 Hz~ What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 200 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?~ B.331-VAC~ B.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ What is emission A3F?~ B.A series regulator~ A.By modulating the supply voltage to a class-B amplifier~ How are networks able to transform one impedance to another?~ A.That frequency at which the grounded base current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor~ How may a repeater station be identified?~ What determines the bandwidth and response shape in a crystal lattice filter?~ What frequencies in the 1.25-meter wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ B.Minimum voltage and maximum current~ B.The center frequency chosen for the filter~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 250 ohms, R is 1000 ohms, and Xl is 500 ohms?~ D.10~ C.1600 watts~ A.420.0-431, 433-435 and 438-450 MHz~ B.Electrolytic and junction~ C.Approximately 1667 watts~ A.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ A.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ A.A fixed-tuned pass-band amplifier~ D.At E-layer height~ A.Automatic squelching and increased selectivity~ A.Switching voltage regulator~ What are the limitations on international amateur radio communications regarding the types of messages transmitted?~ How can receiver desensitizing be reduced?~ For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum tube Class A operation what should the plate-load resistance be with 250-volts at the plate and 25- milliamperes plate current?~ A.A varactor diode~ A.The numerical ratio relating the radiated signal strength of an antenna to that of another antenna~ What is emission F3F?~ How is the efficiency of a power amplifier determined?~ C.23.7 MHz~ A.Transmission line length and height of antenna~ A.The FCC~ D.The repeater call sign~ B.An audio filter made with 4 quartz crystals at 1-kHz intervals~ D.Resonance~ A.317 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.By feeding back an in-phase component of the output to the input~ What is the purpose of D1 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ What is the approximate magnitude of the impedance of a parallel R-L-C circuit at resonance?~ C.The frequency at which capacitive reactance equals inductive reactance~ B.It provides fixed bias for Q1~ C.4 lines per minute~ C.R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts~ D.Inverted sidebands in the final stage of the amplifier~ What is the schematic symbol for a TRIAC? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-3.6)~ What is a square wave?~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads?~ D.There is no limitation~ C.Through a capacitive divider~ D.Hum filtering~ C.A modulator that produces a single sideband, suppressed carrier signal~ C.Peak clipping~ D.A device used to generate wideband random frequencies~ D.Negative feedback~ B.Knowing the radiation resistance makes it possible to measure the near- field radiation density from a transmitting antenna~ When is prior FCC approval required before constructing or altering an amateur station antenna structure?~ B.By using a crystal oscillator as the time base and increasing the vertical sweep rate~ B.Modulation index~ A.A net frequency~ D.A filter that uses a trap to attenuate undesired frequencies too near cutoff for a constant-k filter.~ A.22.1~ D.223.00-225.00 MHz~ What is meant by local control?~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 3.7 MHz and a Q of 118?~ B.Oscillating and quiescent~ A.Output is present for more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees of the signal input cycle~ B.Facsimile~ A.252 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and voltage~ How can a single-sideband phone signal be produced?~ C.The volunteer examiner may be compensated when traveling over 25 miles to the test site~ B.A frequency marker generator~ What is the term used for an equivalent resistance which would dissipate the same amount of energy as that radiated from an antenna?~ B.Quieting~ C.A filter with infinitely wide and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals~ D.They require no calculations~ A.21000 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21250 kHz to 21450 kHz~ B.The practical upper frequency limit of a transistor in common base configuration~ C.21.3 MHz~ What special type of diode is often use for RF switches, attenuators, and various types of phase shifting devices?~ A.The use of devices and procedures for control so that a control operator does not have to be present at a control point~ B.A force set up when current flows through a conductor~ C.Remote control~ A.Modulated CW~ B.Fixed bias~ B.The electric field rotates~ B.10 minutes~ A station in auxiliary operation may only communicate with which stations?~ C.82.7-VAC~ What are electromagnetic waves?~ C.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ A.A Phase Inverter Load network~ D.The ratio of the highest audio modulating frequency to the average audio modulating frequency~ D.1.66~ A.3.18 MHz~ A.To provide most of the receiver gain~ What is the meaning of the term root mean square value of an AC voltage?~ How much gain should be used in the RF amplifier stage of a receiver?~ A.Within one week of the administration date~ C.Output for more than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees of the signal cycle~ B.Under automatic control, a control operator is not required to be present at a control point~ A.15 meters~ B.10.8 kHz~ B.Class B~ B.A3C~ What is the period of a wave?~ D.17 kHz~ B.RF energy moves slower along the coaxial cable~ A.They are very broad banded~ A.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433 MHz and 436- 438 MHz~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 10 microhenrys and C is 50 picofarads?~ A.The time required to complete one cycle~ C.At the beginning of a series of transmissions~ Under what conditions does resonance occur in an electrical circuit?~ What is a pi-L-network?~ A.To provide reference points on an analog receiver dial~ C.A wave consisting of an electric field and a magnetic field at right angles to each other~ What is the term for a numerical ratio which relates the performance of one antenna to that of another real or theoretical antenna?~ B.High lumens per cm per cm and low power consumption~ B.53.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 14.128 MHz, the inductance is 4.7 microhenrys and the resistance is 18,000 ohms?~ B.237 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.Squelch gain rollback~ How can even-order harmonics be reduced or prevented in transmitter amplifier design?~ D.The traps increase the antenna gain~ D.Input, output and ground~ A.234 volts~ D.The amount of current~ B.200 picofarads~ D.Approximately 0~ B.By subtracting the apparent power from the power factor~ In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of R3?~ A.L-network~ B.Base, collector and emitter~ A.A high sunspot level~ D.49.7 kHz~ D.It provides a constant minimum load for Q1~ What technique can be used to construct low cost, high performance crystal lattice filters?~ What would be the most accurate way of determining the RMS voltage of a complex waveform?~ B.14.5 MHz~ D.Meteor showers concentrated in the northern latitudes~ A.A wave with only 300 degrees in one cycle~ C.To the FCC in Gettysburg, PA~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 2 microhenrys and C is 30 picofarads?~ C.0.30~ What is reactive power?~ What would be the physical length of a typical coaxial transmission line which is electrically one-quarter wavelength long at 14.1 MHz?~ B.The ratio of the current to the resistance~ C.117 volts~ C.Image rejection and selectivity~ What is the major cause of selective fading?~ C.Gate, base 1 and base 2~ A.3.56 MHz~ D.0.707~ D.1.78 kHz~ B.It provides a constant load for the voltage source~ C.The value of an AC voltage that would cause the same heating effect in a given resistor as a DC voltage of the same value~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 500 ohms, R is 1000 ohms, and Xl is 250 ohms?~ D.450 ohms~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 50 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?~ May an amateur operator inform other amateur operators of the availability of apparatus for sale or trade over the airwaves?~ C.By a product detector~ B.The Oscar satellite transponder~ D.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ D.30~ For many types of voices, what is the ratio of PEP to average power during a modulation peak in a single-sideband phone signal?~ C.3500 kHz to 3525 kHz and 3800 kHz to 3890 kHz~ C.Cross modulation interference~ What is the term for apparatus to effect remote control between the control point and a remotely controlled station?~ C.They are the most efficient radiators~ C.It is twice as long~ B.330-VAC~ D.The modern standard is 60 lines per second~ B.Slow Scan TV~ C.14.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.As the basic frequency element of a transmitter~ B.53.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.It minimizes harmonic radiation~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 1.8 MHz and a Q of 95?~ B.In the receiver front end~ C.It supplies current to D1~ C.Only if 3 or more years have elapsed since the revocation of suspension~ C.An antenna matching network that is isolated from ground~ What two ways could a dip-meter be used in an amateur station?~ D.7.12 MHz~ A.2.4 volts to 200 volts~ A.The electric field is parallel to the earth~ B.3.54 kHz~ A.2.70~ C.A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies~ C.Audio, radio and capacitive~ C.An amateur operator holding a General, Advanced or Extra class license and at least 16 years old~ B.Class B~ B.1.78 MHz~ B.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ D.Output for exactly 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ B.16.5 kHz~ B.Gate, cathode and anode~ A.Output for less than 180 degrees of the signal cycle~ C.Selective fading~ A.The modern standard is 240 lines per minute~ A.25~ A.19.9 kHz~ B.Power consumed in wire resistance in an inductor~ D.3525 kHz to 3775 kHz and 3800 kHz to 4000 kHz~ B.Manual retransmission~ A.Under no circumstances~ D.379 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.To prevent bleed-through of the desired signal~ C.Class C~ C.71.5~ C.A dipole whose ends are connected by another one-half wavelength piece of wire~ A.22.3 kHz~ A.An antenna for rejecting interfering signals~ A.R3 = 4 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ B.30 words per minute~ C.As a voltage controlled inductance~ D.NPN conduction and PNP conduction~ What is a reactance modulator?~ B.By improving the accuracy of the frequency response~ A.Taft, Pierce and negative feedback~ D.Efficiency = (effective radiated power) / (transmitter output) X 100%~ C.FM and CW~ C.Any General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class operator~ B.A wave whose amplitude at any given instant can be represented by a point on a wheel rotating at a uniform speed~ A.Space resistance~ B.It is essentially the same~ B.Approximately 25 to 1~ C.54.3~ D.159 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.144.50-145.50 and 146-148.00 MHz~ B.Resonance~ D.A rectangular wave~ Under what circumstances, if any, may the licensee of an amateur station in repeater operation accept remuneration for providing communication services to another party?~ What class of amplifier is distinguished by the flow of current in the output essentially in 180 degree pulses?~ B.Remote control of model airplanes or boats using frequencies above 50.1 MHz~ In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of C1?~ C.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433 MHz and 435- 438 MHz~ What is a sine wave?~ C.The modern standard is 150 lines per second~ C.1.33 MHz~ D.Propagation of energy across a vacuum by changing electric and magnetic fields~ C.The modulation index varies with the square root of the RF carrier frequency (the modulated frequency)~ A.The termination impedance~ A.Base 1, base 2 and emitter~ D.By modulating the plate voltage of a class C amplifier~ B.When the control operator is employed by the FCC~ A.It is easy to neutralize~ C.Passing of international third-party communications~ D.The amplifier power~ B.A minimum of 22 correct answers~ Where is the noise generated which primarily determines the signal-to-noise ratio in a 160-meter wavelength band receiver?~ What is the schematic symbol for a unijunction transistor? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-2.14)~ C.Electrolytic and point contact~ D.A wave whose polarity changes in a random manner~ C.At the saturation point~ D.Partial tropospheric ducting at E-layer height~ A.2.65 kHz~ C.Beta cutoff frequency~ D.It must be neutralized~ D.Feedback~ C.Taft, Hartley and Pierce~ A.At the ends~ A.Through a tapped coil~ C.No current flows from emitter to collector~ D.Collector bypass~ B.Symbol B~ To what distance is VHF propagation ordinarily limited?~ C.2000 watts~ D.Only after review and subsequent approval by the VEC~ D.Symbol D~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 1 microhenry and C is 10 picofarads?~ C.The transistor's Alpha is at its maximum value~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 50 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?~ C.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 3.33 volts~ A.By using slower digital logic~ B.It is a brute force filter for the output~ Which of the following stations may not be automatically controlled?~ A.Any amateur operator~ A.Emitter, base 1 and base 2~ A.Tone link~ What is the term for an out-of-phase, non-productive power associated with inductors and capacitors?~ A.E-layer skip~ C.Xerography~ B.0.1 MHz~ D.Increase the receiver bandwidth~ What are the three most commonly used networks to accomplish a match between an amplifying device and a transmission line?~ From what government agencies must permission be obtained if you wish to erect an amateur antenna structure that exceeds 200 feet above ground level?~ C.Coil impedance, electromagnet voltage and movement mass~ C.6 kHz at -6 dB~ A.As a constant current source~ B.50.25-52.00 MHz~ D.91 m (300 feet)~ D.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.Approximately 48-V AC RMS~ B.Just above the saturation point~ What would be the physical length of a typical coaxial transmission line which is electrically one-quarter wavelength long at 7.2 MHz?~ C.If the employee serves as a volunteer examiner for his/her customers~ A.In conjunction with a grid-dip meter~ What is the skin effect?~ D.A repeater whose frequency pair has been properly coordinated~ C.By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by mixing~ C.Cosine wave~ A.100.3 ohms~ C.A negative resistance region~ B.0.214~ B.0.5~ For best efficiency and stability, where on the load-line should a solid- state power amplifier be operated?~ C.Approximately 1200~ D.By using faster digital logic~ What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?~ A.16 years old~ D.Output is present for more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees of the input signal cycle~ A.Symbol A~ A.5 seconds~ When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic field?~ D.It requires only inductors~ What is a parasitic element of an antenna?~ D.As a high voltage rectifier~ B.The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies~ B.Symbol B~ What is the term for an antenna element which is supplied power from a transmitter through a transmission line?~ D.At least once every ten minutes during and at the end of activity~ C.F3F~ When would it be more desirable to use an m-derived filter over a constant- k filter?~ B.The modulation index decreases as the RF carrier frequency (the modulated frequency) increases~ What is the primary purpose of the final i-f amplifier stage in a receiver?~ D.Tangent wave~ What is the capture effect?~ D.44.9 kHz~ B.Zener diodes~ C.The number of zero crossings in one cycle~ D.The velocity of the wave on the transmission line divided by the velocity of light in a vacuum~ Under what circumstances, if any, may volunteer examiners be compensated for their services?~ What frequencies are authorized for stations in auxiliary operation?~ D.One-half of the way from the feed point toward the end~ C.Output load resistor~ D.A fading effect caused by time differences between the receiving and transmitting stations~ A.South~ C.By detuning a Hartley oscillator~ What type of emission is produced when a frequency modulated transmitter is modulated by a television signal?~ B.Output is present for exactly 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ A.Resistances in the networks substitute for resistances in the load~ A.Symbol A~ C.Circular~ A.A cosine wave~ C.29.5-29.7 MHz~ C.3.56 MHz~ What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 75 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 50 ohms?~ A.Approximately 67 volts~ C.Aurora is created~ D.A wave in which the positive and negative excursions occupy unequal portions of the cycle time~ A.The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance decreases~ What is the RMS value of a 331-volt peak-to-peak pure sine wave?~ B.Emitter bypass~ What is the term used to express that frequency at which the grounded base current gain has decreased to 0.7 of the gain obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor?~ A.The change of collector current with respect to base current~ A.Rectification and filtering of RF~ C.The amplitude of the RF stage preceding the filter~ B.The ratio between the deviation of a frequency modulated signal and the modulating frequency~ B.Linear voltage regulator~ D.Modulation ratio~ C.NE-3~ B.150 microhenrys~ B.In a direction opposite to the current flow~ D.1260 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.1.68 kHz~ A.Calibration, coil impedance and meter size~ What factors determine the capacitance of a capacitor?~ What is the term used to refer to the reception blockage of one FM-phone signal by another FM-phone signal?~ What must an amateur operator obtain from the FCC before constructing or altering an antenna structure more than 200 feet high?~ C.When they are in close proximity and the signals cause feedback in one or both of their final amplifiers~ D.0.10~ What is emission F3C?~ B.Class B~ What is the meaning of the term remote sensing with regard to a linear voltage regulator?~ A.A voltage pulse in a conductor~ B.To the FCC in Washington, DC~ A.It prevents self-oscillation~ C.Deviation ratio~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?~ B.315 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency~ C.A device that determines whether or not a given frequency is in use before automatic transmissions are made~ Who is eligible for administering an examination for the Novice operator license?~ B.Always the forwardmost element~ A.Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more than 3 minutes if the control link malfunctions~ B.As tightly as possible, for best accuracy~ B.A cosine wave~ A.An element polarized 90 degrees opposite the driven element~ A.A battery~ D.0.7 volts and 60 mA~ B.Horizontal~ D.Class D~ B.Radiation resistance plus transmission resistance~ B.A ground plane antenna~ B.The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance increases~ How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a Hartley oscillator?~ C.Approximately 4~ In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of C1?~ Which telegraphy characters are used in an Element 1(A) telegraphy examination?~ What happens to the bandwidth of an antenna as it is shortened through the use of loading coils?~ C.The loudest signal received is the only demodulated signal~ D.A current flows when the device is exposed to a light source~ A.It increases the output ripple~ C.When an antenna located 23000 feet from an airport runway will be 150 feet high~ A.A constant current under conditions of varying voltage~ C.12.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.Approximately 1~ C.To measure antenna resonance and to measure antenna impedance~ What is meant by the term antenna bandwidth?~ B.0.16~ D.Approximately 100 to 1~ C.Etching and splitting~ What frequencies are authorized for radio remote control of an amateur station?~ B.14.5 MHz~ B.Hartley~ D.Approximately 3000 watts~ A.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.By installing a band-pass filter in the antenna feed line~ B.The fundamental frequency and all odd and even harmonics~ D.Noise figure and distortion~ D.Delta~ D.A wave consisting of two magnetic fields at right angles to each other~ A.A network consisting entirely of four inductors or four capacitors~ D.Input coupling~ D.It must have negative feedback sufficient to cancel the input~ B.75 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.Linear voltage regulator~ B.0.273~ C.Power lost because of capacitor leakage~ B.R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts~ C.An electric field and a voltage field~ D.180~ A.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433 MHz and 436- 438 MHz~ C.Pi-L-network~ B.165.5 volts~ When the magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?~ C.By neutralization~ C.0.5~ A.Note the two points where the signal strength of the antenna is down 3 dB from the maximum signal point and compute the angular difference~ What is an advantage of a constant-k filter?~ A.Cosine voltage~ C.50 ohms~ A.Conducting and nonconducting~ A.Circular~ A.233-VAC~ D.Capture effect~ C.It uses elliptic functions~ A.By using a triggered sweep and a crystal oscillator as the time base~ D.A wave whose amplitude at any given instant can be represented by a point on a wheel rotating at a uniform speed~ What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 1.0 ppm?~ What is an L-network?~ D.14.5 kHz~ What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and stability of an oscilloscope?~ What is an m-derived filter?~ A.Class A~ How can parasitic oscillations be eliminated from a power amplifier?~ C.Automatic control of an amateur station is remotely controlling a station such that a control operator does not have to be present at the control point at all times~ D.70.8 meters~ B.Class B~ A.Mechanical vibration of a crystal by the application of a voltage~ C.This is a permissible activity if the apparatus can normally be used at an amateur station and is not done for profit by the offering individual on a regular basis~ What is a sawtooth wave?~ A.The highest frequency that will pass current~ What are the advantages of the frequency-conversion process?~ Where is the noise generated which primarily determines the signal-to-noise ratio in a 1.25-meter wavelength band receiver?~ D.By tuning the output~ Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?~ D.Personal remarks, tests, or messages of a technical nature~ B.It doesn't require an LC tank circuit~ D.Transmission of communications concerning moving, supplying and quartering participants in a charity event as long as the sponsoring charity is the principal beneficiary of such communications, not the public~ A.1.77 MHz~ C.A3F~ A.0.031~ D.Squelch gain~ D.Grounded-emitter amplifier~ D.With a soldered jumper wire between the meter and the circuit to be checked, for best accuracy~ C.Conductance~ A.17.7 MHz~ D.Average voltage~ C.The velocity of the wave on the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum~ B.Red, violet, yellow, white and green~ C.R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ D.Television~ D.SSTV and CW~ C.Efficiency = (total resistance) / (radiation resistance) X 100%~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts, R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms?~ B.R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts~ A.Intermodulation distortion~ C.20 meters~ B.270 degrees~ A.51.00-52.00 MHz~ A.Low power consumption and long life~ D.It filters the supply voltage~ D.Radiation resistance plus ohmic resistance~ A.The repeater effective radiated power~ What is included in the total resistance of an antenna system?~ B.Maximum and minimum input voltage, maximum output current and voltage~ B.3500 kHz to 3525 kHz and 3800 kHz to 4000 kHz~ C.The northern hemisphere~ C.4 microhenrys~ What is the distinguishing characteristic of a Class B amplifier?~ D.F3C~ D.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ C.8~ C.13.3~ B.32.2~ D.Emitter follower amplifier~ When the electric field is parallel to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?~ D.Parasitic element~ A.AC feedback~ C.Temperature inversions~ A.Under no circumstances~ B.Maximum reverse current and PIV~ B.The oxide on the conductor surface acts as a shield~ B.Symbol B~ C.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ B.61 m (200 feet)~ A.To prevent the sum and difference frequencies from being generated~ D.Symbol D~ D.31.9~ B.A burst of noise when the squelch is set too high~ A.It is about 5% longer~ Which of the three major oscillator circuits used in amateur radio equipment utilizes a quartz crystal?~ D.360 times~ C.The change of collector current with respect to emitter current~ What is a switching electronic voltage regulator?~ D.Modulated CW~ A.The use of a control operator who directly manipulates the operating adjustments~ B.28.4 MHz~ B.To measure antenna resonance and to measure percentage of modulation~ How can a power amplifier be neutralized?~ B.When the height above ground will exceed 200 feet~ D.The practical upper frequency limit of a transistor in common emitter configuration~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 75 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB operation feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dB antenna gain?~ D.Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce~ B.Only if the station is a repeater or space station~ A.Radiation resistance plus space impedance~ A.L-network~ C.Automatic limiting occurs~ A.The electric and magnetic fields eventually become aligned~ A.200 microhenrys~ A.Variations in E-layer height caused by sunspot variations~ D.Radiation resistance~ D.15 kHz at -6 dB~ B.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.Elliptical~ D.Symbol D~ A.2 meters~ D.It depends on the amplification factor of the first IF stage~ B.Amperes-joules~ B.Output coupling~ D.The value of an AC voltage found by taking the square root of the average AC value~ D.The transmission of a radio signal to a distant station by several hops through the ionosphere~ C.An SCR~ What is the schematic symbol for an NPN transistor? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-2.2)~ D.A marker generator~ Why is a loading coil often used with an HF mobile antenna?~ B.Because there are only resistances in the circuit~ D.An amateur operator holding a Technician, General, Advanced or Extra class license and at least 16 years old~ A.234 volts~ C.18.75 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.The transmission of tone-modulated telegraphy~ C.40~ B.28.1 MHz~ C.Base, collector and emitter~ D.Improved radiation efficiency~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 40 microhenrys and C is 6 picofarads?~ C.126 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.An FM generator~ B.1.0~ B.1500 Hz~ C.A carrier operated relay system~ D.53.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ C.RTTY~ B.Maximum voltage and minimum current~ C.The load connection is made outside the feedback loop~ B.R3 = 4 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts~ C.That frequency at which the grounded collector current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor~ D.Minimum voltage and minimum current~ B.The fundamental frequency and all even harmonics~ B.Neutralization~ C.Symbol C~ D.The transistor's Beta is at its maximum value~ C.Self bias~ C.Dielectrics in the line~ A.679.4 ohms~ A.Negative feedback~ What is a magnetic field?~ D.2300 Hz~ When a repeater station is identified in Morse code using an automatic keying device, what is the maximum code speed permitted?~ B.Inductive, capacitive and resistive~ What is the mixing process?~ A.Emitter load~ B.Only voice may be used for identification~ A.Simplex retransmission~ B.It couples hum to D1~ B.6.88 meters~ A.220.25-225.00 MHz~ C.35.4 kHz~ C.Capture effect~ D.Meteors~ C.R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts~ C.The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies~ D.The element connected to the rotator~ C.Inverse L-network~ A.Lower Q~ D.The weakest signal received is the only demodulated signal~ C.In the magnetic field around the conductor~ A.The fundamental frequency and all prime harmonics~ C.An amateur station operating under automatic control~ What are the three terminals of a TRIAC?~ C.An equivalent resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power as that radiated from an antenna~ C.RTTY~ C.By using a phase detector, oscillator and filter in a feedback loop~ D.Volts~ A.14.652 Hz~ C.331 volts~ B.Only at the end of the series of transmissions~ A.By installing a filter at the receiver~ B.117 volts~ How can a single-sideband phone signal be generated?~ D.The ratio of the cutoff frequency to the trap frequency can be varied~ B.Pi-network~ A.It is increased~ C.Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements and measure the angle between the lines~ B.1.89 kHz~ B.Any Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class operator~ A.Wattless, non-productive power~ A.Efficiency = (RF power out) / (DC power in) X 100%~ C.Surge impedance~ D.By currents induced into the element from a surrounding electric field~ A.Vertical~ C.22.3 kHz~ C.Output is present for the entire input signal cycle~ A.6000~ What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 10 ppm?~ D.By feeding back an out-of-phase component of the input to the output~ How can intermodulation interference between two transmitters in close proximity often be reduced or eliminated?~ C.The repeater station is actuated by a control operator~ B.At the feed point~ A.150 picofarads~ D.Vacuum and point contact~ D.Frequency discrimination~ D.5 minutes~ What is meant by the term modulation index?~ What is the propagation condition called where scattered patches of relatively dense ionization develops seasonally at E layer heights?~ C.8.7 meters~ C.The fundamental frequency and all odd harmonics~ C.Conversion gain~ A.It has a maximally flat response over its passband~ A.F3F~ A.Input coupling~ Why should an HF mobile antenna loading coil have a high ratio of reactance to resistance?~ A.Fixed bias~ B.165-VAC~ A.Facsimile~ B.FM and double sideband AM~ A.Losses in the antenna elements and feed line~ In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of R?~ B.A receiver demodulator~ D.When it is gated "on"~ What is facsimile?~ Without special FCC approval, what maximum height above ground level (excluding airport proximity effects) is permitted for any amateur antenna support structure, including the radiating elements, tower, supports, etc.?~ D.The modulation index does not depend on the RF carrier frequency (the modulated frequency)~ B.The capacitance to ground is greater farther away from the base~ C.A capacitor~ C.No change occurs~ D.14.04 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ A.1.73~ A.A sawtooth wave~ C.The value of the radiation resistance represents the front-to-side ratio of the antenna~ A.29.1 kHz~ B.Approximately 5 volts~ C.A reduction in receiver sensitivity because of a strong signal on a nearby frequency~ D.The varactor diode~ C.Approximately 800 watts~ A.1.33 kHz~ C.Approximately equal to XL~ A.By tuning for maximum SWR~ A.The process of masking out the intelligence on a received carrier to make an S-meter operational~ What value capacitor would be required to tune a 2-microhenry inductor to resonate in the 20-meter wavelength band?~ D.7.96 MHz~ What is the RMS voltage of a 165-volt peak pure sine wave?~ C.A receiver filter~ C.A broadband white noise generator~ B.Increase the transmitter audio gain~ What frequencies in the 0.70-meter wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ What is the physical length of a parallel antenna feedline which is electrically one-half wavelength long at 14.10 MHz? (assume a velocity factor of 0.82.)~ D.0.25 meters~ B.A wave which abruptly changes back and forth between two voltage levels and which remains an equal time at each level~ D.Transmission of communications point-to-point within a system of cooperating amateur stations~ D.50 watts~ C.500 Hz at -6 dB~ D.7000 kHz to 7025 kHz~ A.By installing a good ground radial system~ B.Efficiency = (radiation resistance) / (total resistance) X 100%~ What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 0.1 ppm?~ C.7025 kHz to 7350 kHz~ C.Vertical~ D.R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ What is an advantage of using a trap antenna?~ A.A constant current source~ D.The frequency at which power factor is at a minimum~ C.3 minutes~ What is a trap antenna?~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dB antenna gain?~ What class of amplifier is distinguished by the bias being set well beyond cutoff?~ What is common use for PIN diodes?~ What is the procedure for tuning a power amplifier having an output pi- network?~ A.It has a constant voltage under conditions of varying current~ In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the maximum deviation from the carrier frequency divided by the maximum audio modulating frequency?~ A.Wind shear~ A.A frequency measuring device~ C.0.00452~ A.Through a tapped coil~ How can the frequency response of an oscilloscope be improved?~ D.23~ What occurs in a receiver when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?~ What is meant by the term radiation resistance for an antenna?~ C.An antenna capable of being used on more than one band because of the presence of parallel LC networks~ What is an advantage of using top loading in a shortened HF vertical antenna?~ C.A shunt current source~ B.The transmission of a pattern of printed characters designed to form a picture~ D.Emitter follower~ What is the transistor called which is fabricated as two complementary SCRs in parallel with a common gate terminal?~ C.When transmitting international third-party communications~ B.0.1 MHz~ B.A square wave~ D.1/3~ A.The VE's amateur station license may be suspended for a period not to exceed 3 months~ C.The matching network introduces transconductance to cancel the reactive part of an impedance~ D.160 meters~ B.Symbol B~ D.Slow Scan TV~ D.To develop the AGC voltage~ What type of bias is required for an LED to produce luminescence?~ C.17 kHz~ A.Hot carrier and tunnel~ D.The polar regions~ C.They must prepare the examination from material contained in a question pool maintained by the local FCC field office~ B.It has high gain~ A.The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a minimum~ How does the modulation index of a phase-modulated emission vary with the modulated frequency?~ C.Collector load~ C.1.4652 Hz~ B.Higher efficiency~ A.2000 ohms~ B.Mixer blanking occurs~ C.It has a negative resistance region~ D.A sine wave~ What is a balanced modulator?~ D.At a voltage node~ A.Audio gain adjusted too low~ C.Minimum voltage and minimum current~ When the electric field is perpendicular to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?~ D.0.23~ C.5.31 MHz~ B.3~ C.To prevent the generation of spurious mixer products~ B.Seeburg Effect~ C.Class C~ C.2 times~ Which type of oscillator circuit is commonly used in a VFO?~ B.A network consisting of an inductor and a capacitor~ D.Intermodulation interference~ B.The degree of carrier suppression~ A.Every eight minutes~ What happens to a radio wave as it travels in space and collides with other particles?~ A.Auroral propagation~ B.The repeater transmit and receive frequencies~ C.1240-1300 MHz~ How can the accuracy of a frequency counter be improved?~ A.Yellow, blue, red, brown and green~ D.An effective radiated power statement~ C.The current circulating in the parallel elements is dc~ D.300-VAC~ B.7025 kHz to 7300 kHz~ C.0.47~ D.Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output voltage and maximum output current~ B.The number of degrees in one cycle~ B.The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase differentiation~ C.As a constant voltage reference in a power supply~ What is a crystal lattice filter?~ A.R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 5.33 volts~ B.420.5-440 and 445-450 MHz~ A.10.5 meters~ A.A neon lamp will go out in the presence of RF~ C.Percentage of modulation~ D.The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through the ends of the elements~ B.A regulator that provides more than one output voltage~ A.Reduced amplifier efficiency~ A.By using a reactance modulator on an oscillator~ C.A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or capacitance to produce FM signals~ C.The transmission of moving pictures by radio~ A.0.221~ B.2000 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.Approximately 186,300 feet per second~ A.A constant-voltage, varying-current wave~ A.64 picofarads~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 8 microhenrys and C is 7 picofarads?~ What is a closed repeater?~ D.Red, green, orange, white and yellow~ What is the approximate DC input power to a Class C RF power amplifier stage in a RTTY transmitter when the PEP output power is 1000 watts?~ D.CW signals have a fluttery tone~ A.Through a neutralizing capacitor~ What happens in a dip-meter when it is too tightly coupled with the tuned circuit being checked?~ B.A regulator in which the pass transistor switches from the "off" state to the "on" state~ C.The modulation of an unwanted signal is heard on the desired signal~ B.Cross-modulation interference~ Which type of network provides the greatest harmonic suppression?~ What is a product detector?~ A.An amateur station employing a phone patch to pass third-party communications~ B.Propagation in a medium with a high refractive index~ D.A cosine wave~ C.To minimize losses~ B.Automatic control of an amateur station is radio communication for remotely controlling another amateur station~ D.Vertical~ What is the characteristic of the current flow in a series R-L-C circuit at resonance?~ What is the term for the transmission of printed pictures by radio?~ C.It has a maximally flat response over its passband~ C.Root mean square~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts, R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms?~ A.946 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.Man-made noise~ B.Within 10 days of the administration date~ A.At F-layer height~ B.Emergency messages or business messages~ C.Through a capacitive divider~ What is the distinguishing feature of a Class A amplifier?~ What type of diode is made of a metal whisker touching a very small semi- conductor die?~ C.Under automatic control, there is no control operator~ C.As an RF switch~ A.By multiplying the apparent power times the power factor~ B.The arctic regions~ C.A shunt regulator~ A.Ensure good RF shielding between the transmitter and receiver~ D.769.2 ohms~ D.100 microfarads~ D.A fictional antenna used in theoretical discussions to replace the radiation resistance~ What is a frequency-marker generator?~ D.By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by neutralization~ D.West~ D.The retransmission of NOAA weather broadcasts~ D.150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ C.Automatic soft limiting and automatic squelching~ D.144 ohms~ A.Point contact diodes~ C.Class C~ D.By lengthening the vertical~ A.In the receiver front end~ What are the two stable operating conditions of an SCR?~ B.50~ D.Radio waves may be bent~ D.Hum filtering~ C.R3 = 16 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ A.Alternating currents in the core of an electromagnet~ D.Minimum voltage and maximum current~ A.Line voltage stabilization~ Where is the noise generated which primarily determines the signal-to-noise ratio in a 2-meter wavelength band receiver?~ Why does practically all of an RF current flow within a few thousandths-of- an-inch of the conductor's surface?~ D.A network used to generate a lagging phase angle~ A.A burst of noise when the squelch is set too low~ A.18.9 kHz~ B.By approximately twice the distance~ B.The magnetic field is parallel to the earth~ D.A regulator containing a voltage reference, error amplifier, sensing resistors and transistors, and a pass element~ A.Symbol A~ D.Moonbounce~ B.Characteristic impedance~ A.By a burst of digitized information~ D.15 microhenrys~ C.25 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.Because conductors are non-linear devices~ A.Approximately 1000 miles~ B.It provides brute force filtering of the output~ D.1465.20 Hz~ D.360 degrees~ D.The current circulating in the parallel elements is zero~ B.The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a maximum~ A.Pierce~ B.Time base accuracy, speed of the logic and time base stability~ Which type of network offers the greater transformation ratio?~ What is slow-scan television?~ C.49.7 MHz~ A.Anode, cathode and gate~ C.Noise figure performance~ A.37.6 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.An amateur operator holding a Technician, General, Advanced or Extra class license and at least 18 years old~ B.A low sunspot level~ Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable transmission line shorter than its electrical length?~ A.Symbol A~ D.It can give an indication of the resonant frequency of a circuit~ What type of wave is made up of sine waves of the fundamental frequency and all the odd harmonics?~ D.The back EMF~ C.Constant-K~ What device is usually used as a stable reference voltage in a linear voltage regulator?~ C.80 meters~ B.Approximately 2~ What is the deviation ratio for an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 5 kHz and accepting a maximum modulation rate of 3 kHz?~ B.When it is used as a detector~ D.25.6~ B.The frequency range over which an antenna can be expected to perform well~ What does it mean for a transistor to be fully saturated?~ D.The change of reactance in the diode with respect to frequency~ C.2.51 meters~ B.A detector that amplifies and narrows the band-pass frequencies~ B.2000 Hz~ D.52.00-54.00 MHz~ D.Approximately 110 volts~ A.R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ D.Both the electric and magnetic fields are vertical~ A.36.9 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ C.Federal Aviation Administration and Environmental Protection Agency~ What is the result of cross-modulation?~ B.To maximize losses~ B.R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts~ D.Approximately 300 million miles per second~ What is the AC starting voltage for an NE-2 neon lamp?~ C.4.35~ C.The FM signal-to-noise ratio~ D.An inductor~ B.6.63 kHz~ A.1 kHz at -6 dB~ C.As an RF detector~ A.Supplies needed, on a routine schedule~ C.53.1 MHz~ A.Effective radiated power~ B.Mechanical deformation of a crystal by the application of a magnetic field~ B.Circular~ A.An Environmental Impact Statement~ D.An antenna with a large capture area~ C.The fundamental frequency and all even harmonics~ A.Emergency communications only~ D.The resistivity of the conductor dissipates the field~ B.When the repeater is under local control~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 8.2 microhenrys and the resistance is 1,000 ohms?~ B.An element dependent on the antenna structure for support~ B.A current pulse in a conductor~ What is meant by repeater operation?~ A.CW and SSB~ C.A square wave~ A.The ratio of the audio modulating frequency to the center carrier frequency~ D.A3F~ B.7.51~ What is the schematic symbol for a Zener diode? (Please refer to Figure 4AF- 1.3)~ D.R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts~ D.0.0256~ B.14025 kHz to 14175 kHz and 14200 kHz to 14350 kHz~ What is the audio frequency for black in an amateur slow-scan television picture?~ What colors are available in LEDs?~ A.With an LED~ A.By increasing the grid drive~ Why is the Colpitts oscillator circuit commonly used in a VFO?~ What is the meaning of the term alpha with regard to bipolar transistors?~ D.Within 30 days of the administration date~ D.A through Z, 0 through 9, the period, the comma, and the question mark~ A.1/4 wavelength~ B.Pi-network~ D.Elliptical~ B.When inductive and capacitive reactances are equal~ What is the range of voltage ratings available in Zener diodes?~ B.7.96 kHz~ B.It is at a maximum~ A.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ D.432.1 Hz~ C.Sweep oscillator quality and tube face voltage increments~ A.600 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ What is the DC starting voltage for an NE-2 neon lamp?~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?~ C.It is thermally unstable~ Where must the completed Form 610 be submitted after the administration of a successful Novice examination?~ C.By dividing the apparent power by the power factor~ B.By modulating the supply voltage to a class-C amplifier~ D.A network consisting of one inductor and two capacitors or two inductors and one capacitor~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 14.128 MHz, the inductance is 2.7 microhenrys and the resistance is 18,000 ohms?~ What is a constant-K filter?~ A.23~ C.Emitter bypass~ B.A highly sensitive antenna with maximum gain in all directions~ What is the primary purpose of the first i-f amplifier stage in a receiver?~ B.It provides fixed bias for D1~ How does a dip-meter function?~ A.117-VAC~ C.Base, emitter and collector~ B.20.5 kHz~ C.The diameter of the conductor~ C.As close to the transmitter as possible~ At what speed do electromagnetic waves travel in free space?~ B.Greater structural strength~ B.A3C~ D.Beamwidth~ D.Emitter bypass~ D.Standing wave ratio~ C.1.99 MHz~ B.Approximately 468 million meters per second~ What type of wave is made up of sine waves at the fundamental frequency and all the harmonics?~ D.A minimum of 24 correct answers~ B.When they are in close proximity and the signals mix in one or both of their final amplifiers~ How is a frequency-marker generator used?~ What is the characteristic of the current flow in a parallel R-L-C circuit at resonance?~ A.0.707 times the fundamental frequency~ B.Tube face voltage increments and deflection amplifier voltage~ A.FM compressibility~ B.Inductive and capacitive~ D.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts~ What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?~ C.Approximately 1500 miles~ D.Harmonics of the oscillator cause an increase in resonant circuit Q~ A.A filter that uses Boltzmann's constant~ A.2~ B.Output coupling~ What are the two interrelated fields considered to make up an electromagnetic wave?~ A.Stations in the public safety service~ D.A regulator that gives a ramp voltage as its output~ What is the usual electrical length of a driven element in a HF beam antenna?~ B.A square wave~ What is the schematic symbol for a light-emitting diode? (Please refer to Figure 4AF-4.0)~ A.Two and four times the original frequency~ D.Environmental Protection Agency and National Aeronautics and Space Administration~ C.Decrease the receiver squelch gain~ A.A fading effect caused by small changes in beam heading at the receiving station~ How often must a beacon station be identified?~ B.A Power Incidence network~ D.260 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.A matching network in which all components are isolated from ground~ A.The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, close to the surface, as frequency increases~ C.20 words per minute~ B.Input coupling~ A.To the nearest FCC Field Office~ C.Sufficient gain to keep weak signals below the noise of the first mixer stage~ What type of emission is produced when a frequency modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal?~ C.Voltage regulator and voltage reference~ D.In the atmosphere~ A.A high forward resistance~ B.By installing a terminated circulator or ferrite isolator in the feed line to the transmitter and duplexer~ C.A wave following the laws of the trigonometric tangent function~ C.In the ionosphere~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 5 microhenrys and C is 9 picofarads?~ What are the three terminals of a bipolar transistor?~ C.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433 MHz and 435- 438 MHz~ Why are self-resonant antennas popular in amateur stations?~ C.Power from a transmitter cancels feedback current~ C.76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ A.7692 ohms~ B.As a constant voltage source~ B.39~ B.Area of the plates, distance between the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates~ B.A series regulator~ D.The change in base current with respect to gate current~ D.100 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ D.The error amplifier compares the input voltage to the reference voltage~ D.The matching network can cancel the reactive part of an impedance and change the value of the resistive part of an impedance~ B.By interacting with the earth's magnetic field~ B.Diversity reception~ What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and stability of a D'Arsonval movement type meter?~ B.An apparatus for effecting remote control between a control point and a remotely controlled station~ B.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432 MHz and 435- 437 MHz~ D.Colpitts, Hartley and Pierce~ What frequencies in the 6-meter wavelength band are available for repeater operation?~ C.A wave that makes four zero crossings per cycle~ A.Load resistors~ C.A linear amplification mode~ What is the minimum passing score on a written examination element for the Novice operator license?~ B.10 Hz~ What is the term used to express the ratio of change in the DC collector current to a change in base current in a bipolar transistor?~ D.0.577~ B.7.35~ D.ACSSB~ What is the scan rate commonly used for amateur slow-scan television?~ D.50 meters~ C.Within 5 days of the administration date~ What is a frequency standard?~ C.To improve the receiver's noise figure~ How can the approximate beamwidth of a rotatable beam antenna be determined?~ B.To generate a frequency standard~ C.Class C~ B.To vary the receiver image rejection by utilizing the AGC~ A.1.84~ B.3.55 meters~ C.R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 5.33 volts~ A.At the ends~ What are the penalties for administering examinations for money or other considerations?~ What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?~ C.2000 Hz~ What is one use for a station in auxiliary operation?~ A.The repeater is actuated by a received electrical signal~ What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 1.0 ppm?~ C.It decouples the output~ What is the term used in reference to a DC voltage that would cause the same heating in a resistor as a certain value of AC voltage?~ D.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433 MHz and 435- 438 MHz~ B.44.9 kHz~ A.Symbol A~ A.All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an FM receiver~ A.A regulator that supplies three voltages with variable current~ What is the dielectric constant for air?~ What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 3 microhenrys and the resistance is 2,200 ohms?~ C.Business messages or messages of a technical nature~ C.A silicon-controlled rectifier~ D.Output is present for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle~ B.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.It becomes flat~ D.The voltage is less at the top~ D.Inductive bias~ C.0.5~ B.By varying the voltage to the varactor in an oscillator circuit~ A.23.7 kHz~ A.When the power factor is at a minimum~ C.5 millihenrys~ B.4.52~ D.Symbol D~ C.The forward voltage~ What is a common use of a varactor diode?~ C.CW signals have a clearer tone~ B.14.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ Why does a half-wave antenna operate at very high efficiency?~ What is an i-f amplifier stage?~ B.A fading effect caused by phase differences between radio wave components of the same transmission, as experienced at the receiving station~ D.The fundamental frequency and all harmonics~ B.A repeater available for use only by members of a club or repeater group~ D.The change of collector current with respect to gate current~ A.1270-1300 MHz~ A.It is 0.707 times the simple dipole bandwidth~ A.158 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.Coulombs~ D.0.2 MHz~ B.The transmission of pictures for permanent display on paper~ D.L-network, M-network and C-network~ B.Receiver quieting~ What is the peak voltage at a common household electrical outlet?~ What class of amplifier is distinguished by the presence of output throughout the entire signal cycle and the input never goes into the cutoff region?~ D.1000~ What value inductor would be required to tune a 100-picofarad capacitor to resonate in the 40-meter wavelength band?~ B.The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, close to the surface, as frequency decreases~ D.Approximately equal to XC~ A.Greater transformation range~ In a single-sideband phone signal, what determines the PEP-to-average power ratio?~ Where is the noise generated which primarily determines the signal-to-noise ratio in a 0.70-meter wavelength band receiver?~ A.A station transmitting control signals to a model craft~ A.2300 Hz~ C.14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current~ C.31.1~ What is the distinguishing feature of a Class C amplifier?~ D.Nothing happens since radio waves have no physical substance~ B.Loss resistance~ A.TRIAC~ How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a Pierce oscillator?~ C.13.1 kHz~ C.It increases the current handling capability~ D.5 microhenrys~ What are the frequency privileges authorized to the Advanced operator in the 15-meter wavelength band?~ C.A voltage pulse across a resistor~ What is the schematic symbol for a neon lamp? (Please refer to Figure 4AF- 4.5)~ D.Reversed conduction states when a P-N junction is exposed to light~ C.The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance decreases~ A.High-pass, low-pass and band-pass~ C.0.368~ C.A fading effect caused by large changes in the height of the ionosphere, as experienced at the receiving station~ A.A3F~ D.Under no circumstances~ C.120~ A.To measure resonant frequency of antenna traps and to measure percentage of modulation~ What is the effective radiated power of a station in repeater operation with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dB antenna gain?~ D.Elliptical~ A.By feeding a phase modulated signal into a low pass filter~ B.With a Hall-effect transistor~ B.The matching network introduces negative resistance to cancel the resistive part of an impedance~ A.Effective power~ What is receiver desensitizing?~ B.Emitter bypass~ What must the Element 1(A) telegraphy examination prove?~ C.18.4 kHz~ B.3250 ohms~ A.0.00735~ C.Antenna efficiency~ D.To measure frequency~ B.SSB~ D.The phenomenon where thermal effects on the surface of the conductor decrease the impedance~ B.37.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.Symbol B~ D.47~ B.1270-1295 MHz~ C.6794 ohms~ C.The VE will be restricted to administering only Novice class license examinations~ D.Approximately 1000 watts~ D.0.013~ What the important characteristics of a three-terminal regulator?~ C.The effective radiated power can be increased if the space around the antenna "sees" a high impedance~ What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-10?~ C.The surge impedance is higher in the parallel feed line~ How many degrees are there in one complete sine wave cycle?~ Under what circumstances, if any, may amateur operators accept payment for using their own stations (other than a club station) to send messages?~ What is a linear electronic voltage regulator?~ A.3~ C.A filter whose schematic shape is the letter "M"~ D.Maximum forward current and PIV~ B.Approximately equal to XL~ C.The area of maximum N-type charge~ In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the ratio between the deviation of the frequency-modulated signal and the modulating frequency?~ A.Television~ B.15 lines per second~ D.Any Advanced or Amateur Extra class operator~ C.100 picofarads~ A.Beamwidth may be controlled by non-linear impedances~ D.Inverse-Pi network~ B.As low as possible on the vertical radiator~ A.Harmonics are generated~ A.Knowing the radiation resistance makes it possible to match impedances for maximum power transfer~ D.A varactor diode~ C.Symbol C~ B.At the feed points~ A.In the detector~ What is the principle of a trap antenna?~ When an SCR is in the triggered or on condition, its electrical characteristics are similar to what other solid-state device (as measured between its cathode and anode)?~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts, R1 is 16 kilohms, and R2 is 8 kilohms?~ A.High, as compared to the circuit resistance~ A.631 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.A decrease in modulation level of transmitted signals~ In the northern hemisphere, in which direction should a directional antenna be pointed to take maximum advantage of auroral propagation?~ C.Elliptical~ A.The applicant's ability to send and receive text in international Morse code at a rate of not less than 13 words per minute~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-2 when L is 90 microhenrys and C is 100 picofarads?~ What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?~ C.Adjust the tuning capacitor to maximum capacitance and then dip the plate current with the loading capacitor~ A.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts~ D.Through capacitive coupling~ A.Approximately 250 watts~ What are the three terminals of an SCR?~ B.In the center of the conductor~ A.The peak inverse voltage~ Why would the rate at which electrical energy is used in a circuit be less than the product of the magnitudes of the AC voltage and current?~ B.Varactor diodes~ A.4.49 kHz~ B.It is about 5% shorter~ C.Higher losses~ D.To provide fixed DC bias for Q1~ C.The repeater Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT)~ C.The electromagnetic wave continues to circle the earth~ B.The modern standard is 50 lines per minute~ B.T-network, M-network and Q-network~ A.It has high attenuation for signals on frequencies far removed from the passband~ C.A regulator in which the control device is switched on or off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load conditions~ What is the most the actual transmit frequency could differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 10 ppm?~ A.The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the terminating impedance~ A.2.84 MHz~ C.By shortening the vertical~ D.Approximately 2000 watts~ B.Approximately 3.3 minutes per frame at 240 lpm~ A.0.866~ B.0.00435~ A.Symbol A~ D.Any Novice licensee~ A.NE-1~ C.Reflector element~ B.Output for the entire 360 degrees of the signal cycle~ C.Transmission line loss~ Why is the inductance required for a base loaded HF mobile antenna less than that for an inductance placed further up the whip?~ What is emission A3C?~ B.The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to the signal in the back direction~ B.5~ A.Corner frequency~ D.Resonance~ C.10.5 MHz~ What type of emission results when a single sideband transmitter is used for slow-scan television?~ B.A3F~ C.SSB~ A.The electric field is bent into a circular shape~ D.A modulator that produces a full carrier signal~ What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure 4AG-12?~ B.Only if five or more years have elapsed since the revocation or suspension~ B.240 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.300 ohms~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 3.6 MHz and a Q of 218?~ B.23.7 kHz~ D.69.9 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ What is the normal operating voltage and current for a light-emitting diode?~ B.A neon lamp will change color in the presence of RF~ What is the term for energy that is stored in an electromagnetic or electrostatic field?~ D.Alpha rejection frequency~ What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves as having circular polarization?~ A.They must prepare the examination from material contained in the ARRL Handbook or obtain a question set from the FCC~ C.Zero bias~ A.Effective radiated power~ A.Equal voltage and current~ D.223 kHz~ C.Linear retransmission~ A.Gamma~ A.Near the center of the vertical radiator~ B.The letters A through Z, 0 through 9, the period, the comma, the open and closed parenthesis, the question mark, AR, SK, BT and DN~ D.By operating class AB~ With which emission type is the capture-effect most pronounced?~ What is the term for the phenomena which occurs in an electrical circuit when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance?~ C.First loose, then tight, for best accuracy~ B.When out-of-pocket expenses exceed $25~ A.Because the insulation conducts current at radio frequencies~ C.Alpha~ C.221.00-225.00 MHz~ What is the cause of auroral activity?~ C.76 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 3.33 volts~ C.It decouples hum from D1~ D.With a balanced modulator on the oscillator~ What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-1 when L is 40 microhenrys and C is 200 picofarads?~ B.The transmission of still pictures by slow-scan television~ A.As a constant current source~ C.It is one-half as long~ C.Symbol C~ D.A device used to generate wideband random frequencies~ B.It has limited power handling capabilities~ C.Transmission of communications that facilitate the regular business or commercial affairs of any party~ What is the approximate DC input power to a Class AB RF power amplifier stage in an unmodulated carrier transmitter when the PEP output is 500 watts?~ C.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ C.When the square root of the sum of the capacitive and inductive reactances is equal to the resonant frequency~ B.As a constant voltage source~ A.Because of skin effect~ D.The VE will be restricted to administering only Novice class license examinations~ B.Stations in repeater operation~ D.To minimize the Q~ Why do electromagnetic waves not penetrate a good conductor to any great extent?~ D.Through a neutralizing capacitor~ D.The center conductor resistivity~ A.The collector current is at its maximum value~ In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of C3?~ A.It will radiate harmonics~ B.25 picofarads~ D.The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter~ How can an FM-phone signal be produced?~ D.It has a very high PIV~ C.1.77 kHz~ D.Gate, source and sink~ What order of Q is required by a tank-circuit sufficient to reduce harmonics to an acceptable level?~ C.ATV~ A.Approximately 900 watts~ A.3.18 MHz~ How is a frequency counter used?~ How does the length of the reflector element of a parasitic element beam antenna compare with that of the driven element?~ A.28.1 kHz~ B.Facsimile~ A.The electromagnetic field induces currents in the insulator~ D.In the electromagnetic field in the conductor center~ A.20 lines per minute~ Under what operating condition does an SCR exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?~ D.Symbol D~ What propagation condition is usually indicated when a VHF signal is received from a station over 500 miles away?~ A.Cross-modulation distortion and interference~ In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts, R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms?~ What is the term used to express the amount of electrical energy stored in an electrostatic field?~ C.Business communications only~ A.Square wave~ A.1.99 kHz~ B.An automatically operated link~ D.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts~ D.160 meters~ What would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice band-pass filter for a double-sideband phone emission?~ A.165.2 Hz~ D.Symbol D~ B.Sunspots~ B.3.18 kHz~ A.A device used to produce a highly accurate reference frequency~ A.Class A~ B.Power factor~ D.Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more than 10 minutes if the control link malfunctions~ What is the major advantage of a Pierce oscillator?~ What type neon lamp is usually used in amateur radio work?~ D.Symbol D~ A.Always the rearmost element~ B.By tuning for maximum power output~ C.Linear voltage regulator~ D.The resistance in the trap coils to received signals~ D.It is prone to self resonance~ A.F3C~ B.Bilateral SCR~ D.The transmission of moving pictures by electrical means~ C.Unijunction transistor~ D.With an optoisolator~ D.Junction diodes~ A.13.1 MHz~ A.The processor index~ How can a double-sideband phone signal be generated?~ A.The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase comparison~ What happens to the base feed point of a fixed length HF mobile antenna as the frequency of operation is lowered?~ How is an F3E FM-phone emission produced?~ D.A neon lamp will light in the presence of RF~ D.The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies~ A.D-layer absorption~ What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a resonant frequency of 18.1 MHz and a Q of 195?~ How tight should the dip-meter be coupled with the tuned circuit being checked?~ A.Point-to-point radio communications within a system of cooperating amateur stations~ D.Automatic detection in the RF amplifier and increased selectivity~ C.325 ohms~ C.Tunnel diodes~ A.Output for the entire input signal cycle~ D.The use of a portable handheld to turn on or off the repeater~ What is the process of detection?~ B.Colpitts, Hartley and Taft~ B.39.7 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.It must have a gain of less than 1~ D.The characteristic impedance is higher in the parallel feed line~ B.A wave consisting of two electric fields at right angles to each other~ What types of coupling occur between a dip-meter and a tuned circuit being checked?~ A.Deviation index~ D.To measure resonant frequency of antenna traps and to measure a tuned circuit resonant frequency~ B.10.8 kHz~ D.Symbol D~ A.A wave that alternates between two values and spends an equal time at each level~ C.All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432 MHz and 434- 437 MHz~ C.Watts~ What is responsible for the phenomenon when voltages across reactances in series can often be larger than the voltages applied to them?~ B.A very high PIV~ B.30 microhenrys~ D.Image rejection~ B.2.1 kHz at -6 dB~ A.Resistive and inductive~ D.F3C~ What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and stability of a frequency counter?~ B.400 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ A.78 picofarads~ What is a common use for point contact diodes?~ How can the antenna efficiency of a HF grounded vertical antenna be made comparable to that of a half-wave antenna?~ C.R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 6.67 volts~ A.601 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a half-wave dipole~ B.When you need more attenuation at a certain frequency that is too close to the cut-off frequency for a constant-k filter~ B.As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit~ D.A station in repeater operation~ B.Symbol B~ B.R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts~ B.The index of shielding for coaxial cable~ A.The modulation index increases as the RF carrier frequency (the modulated frequency) increases~ D.A detector used to detect cross-modulation products~ In a half-wave antenna, where are the current nodes?~ What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves travel in free space?~ B.Gate, source and sink~ C.A regulator containing three error amplifiers and sensing transistors~ B.14 degrees with the voltage leading the current~ D.To tune out the capacitive reactance~ Which of the following amateur stations may be operated by automatic control?~ D.Squelch gain adjusted too low~ Where does practically all of RF current flow in a conductor?~ C.The ratio of the amount of power produced by the antenna compared to the output power of the transmitter~ A.92.8 kHz~ A.Sweep oscillator quality and deflection amplifier bandwidth~ C.Class C~ D.Efficiency = (DC power in) / (RF power in) X 100%~ C.Output is present for the entire input signal cycle~ A.A regulator that has a ramp voltage as its output~ D.Pierce~ "4AA-1.1 ","A",22398,41872,83938,67348,68990 "4AA-1.2 ","B",29230,47245,96522,92930,92637 "4AA-1.3 ","D",27011,46888,104697,46047,52479 "4AA-1.4 ","C",115157,62740,40746,45401,45566 "4AA-2.1 ","A",23827,111839,48245,90047,12661 "4AA-2.2 ","D",6937,88220,69245,122248,34362 "4AA-2.3 ","B",29136,31509,85866,45850,51805 "4AA-2.4 ","A",72538,114864,33056,52509,129391 "4AA-3.1 ","D",104448,98568,110653,32955,3331 "4AA-3.2 ","A",97805,34143,36692,57259,50423 "4AA-3.3 ","C",2390,30647,6571,76148,16117 "4AA-3.4 ","D",40864,84076,96653,119869,60495 "4AA-3.5 ","C",55773,113962,117098,96480,6185 "4AA-3.6 ","A",3379,42148,114005,52995,74001 "4AA-3.7 ","D",110787,84022,73709,29280,103483 "4AA-3.8 ","A",48060,70516,30254,47665,51121 "4AA-3.9 ","B",59080,88607,31070,123069,62261 "4AA-3.10 ","A",92370,59667,97548,47089,30936 "4AA-4.1 ","D",35816,42151,71182,22846,93066 "4AA-4.2 ","A",111990,127738,45354,71497,100623 "4AA-4.3 ","B",63544,108290,52125,51338,12547 "4AA-4.4 ","C",75717,64733,111291,70971,14817 "4AA-5.1 ","D",3135,53613,36791,88971,45335 "4AA-5.2 ","A",29810,78997,44063,21872,126674 "4AA-5.3 ","C",40180,74949,64173,93578,90921 "4AA-5.4 ","C",80115,81246,34471,109828,6060 "4AA-5.5 ","D",44575,40721,52496,128631,112974 "4AA-6.1 ","A",6890,63707,99624,82235,36637 "4AA-6.2 ","B",2364,27267,65002,99974,23509 "4AA-6.3 ","B",130267,5275,125105,21042,50595 "4AA-7.1 ","C",51020,36492,126795,34635,25175 "4AA-7.2 ","D",67959,73445,4102,63696,18662 "4AA-8.1 ","A",62299,85952,68434,87762,128478 "4AA-8.2 ","B",6663,73447,90622,70368,118743 "4AA-9.1 ","C",59262,102173,89423,41157,21064 "4AA-9.2 ","C",88406,23382,70859,109276,62151 "4AA-9.3 ","D",108870,97108,90357,65054,75884 "4AA-9.4 ","A",37690,27447,55125,58454,44891 "4AA-10.1 ","B",62022,16727,86798,79995,16193 "4AA-10.2 ","C",77968,104916,35209,51213,97655 "4AA-11.1 ","B",91511,29676,86213,16446,74475 "4AA-11.2 ","A",73567,16341,47509,103995,109399 "4AA-12.1 ","B",7881,31011,22398,124153,84017 "4AA-12.2 ","C",67699,28330,4096,82808,24263 "4AA-12.3 ","D",9817,56274,72858,95374,17779 "4AA-13.1 ","D",15339,104913,101057,113417,84011 "4AA-13.2 ","B",60289,105251,51484,126377,18994 "4AA-14.1 ","C",117910,12861,35172,28038,21790 "4AA-14.2 ","D",70971,35121,105977,38154,117231 "4AA-15.1 ","A",47367,47850,16296,46364,122104 "4AA-15.2 ","B",117107,120226,11336,31452,14325 "4AA-15.3 ","A",79794,7078,124325,16474,106710 "4AA-16.1 ","C",12587,61628,19268,3080,24054 "4AA-16.2 ","D",10086,123483,10555,96039,18464 "4AA-17.1 ","A",79128,39674,104147,69550,88361 "4AA-17.2 ","B",35657,65318,101399,112151,106796 "4AA-17.3 ","C",106665,110278,80015,67026,16058 "4AA-18.1 ","B",111710,11101,73553,8366,108802 "4AA-18.2 ","D",54446,70599,102724,87938,69124 "4AA-18.3 ","B",59022,109308,123291,85268,61099 "4AA-19.1 ","C",48757,75862,7569,45937,11934 "4AA-19.2 ","A",76301,70835,125148,63423,9448 "4AA-19.3 ","A",57702,86187,123758,69252,73992 "4AA-19.4 ","B",43651,47729,21063,74628,45867 "4AA-20.1 ","C",21991,96495,42140,36537,125941 "4AA-20.2 ","D",112604,32026,12186,117873,11071 "4AB-1.1 ","D",91932,58758,125820,39947,25180 "4AB-1.2 ","A",50129,70812,122519,71954,69841 "4AB-1.3 ","B",56595,42334,123189,42403,30815 "4AB-1.4 ","B",99910,119616,64874,73992,113287 "4AB-1.5 ","C",11446,106821,118918,37328,128769 "4AB-2.1 ","D",102960,38492,116695,98645,42754 "4AB-2.2 ","B",112244,126993,120582,62026,23973 "4AB-2.3 ","C",24378,17019,5868,117061,82922 "4AB-2.4 ","C",105927,116867,106043,12293,38320 "4AB-2.5 ","D",23096,33070,90217,113080,90274 "4AC-1.1 ","C",10706,88052,55748,9392,74099 "4AC-1.2 ","D",91498,98411,49285,43995,38647 "4AC-1.3 ","A",30280,46180,102779,85470,97584 "4AC-1.4 ","B",51653,88326,55266,85087,97435 "4AC-1.5 ","A",26522,96097,129073,85882,90837 "4AC-2.1 ","B",35838,110521,116600,117060,78188 "4AC-2.2 ","C",24769,27507,113556,70406,51337 "4AC-2.3 ","D",67792,29896,59077,16366,27014 "4AC-2.4 ","B",25489,106787,94076,18756,86042 "4AC-2.5 ","A",3589,10239,21077,4890,32311 "4AC-3.1 ","D",17882,56875,41091,114726,100703 "4AC-3.2 ","C",124266,68095,105614,4669,68729 "4AC-3.3 ","B",120117,78163,38848,40285,102891 "4AC-3.4 ","D",30202,101771,35275,16562,62339 "4AC-3.5 ","A",48139,32492,40566,71437,41017 "4AC-4.1 ","D",16626,75303,26081,34564,103356 "4AC-4.2 ","A",14410,36076,104694,52167,37262 "4AC-4.3 ","B",73454,104065,31946,109219,31046 "4AC-4.4 ","C",126668,129681,14063,59567,104245 "4AC-4.5 ","A",97703,50443,29769,77983,117990 "4AD-1.1 ","B",112783,64381,37934,59919,64335 "4AD-1.2 ","A",101469,128632,44267,93846,126451 "4AD-1.3 ","B",108722,76346,27846,69610,50369 "4AD-1.4 ","A",29947,96663,66416,79978,7495 "4AD-1.5 ","D",126297,67417,115405,28518,119678 "4AD-1.6 ","C",113501,128696,23872,23242,24105 "4AD-1.7 ","A",94477,91811,98783,97300,39389 "4AD-1.8 ","D",91366,46987,115067,30265,104848 "4AD-1.9 ","D",83081,51899,54726,16275,21450 "4AD-1.10 ","A",5827,35974,77001,58179,117237 "4AD-1.11 ","C",121878,29583,30697,27164,108858 "4AD-2.1 ","C",14325,27547,60153,35339,89971 "4AD-2.2 ","D",23106,26461,18101,27126,105751 "4AD-2.3 ","B",108287,33792,46526,111572,111078 "4AD-2.4 ","D",70081,118872,89633,81605,131553 "4AD-2.5 ","B",129703,131671,111874,59442,53944 "4AD-2.6 ","A",129008,29782,83033,124728,86621 "4AD-2.7 ","B",99859,121127,18026,19803,23475 "4AD-3.1 ","A",83456,133381,111908,107539,10537 "4AD-3.2 ","D",112173,80425,15212,75208,17585 "4AD-3.3 ","B",130460,26285,106377,27509,28390 "4AD-3.4 ","D",95852,84515,66282,4893,19901 "4AD-3.5 ","C",98276,75761,74396,48960,77868 "4AD-4.1 ","D",10650,36829,92489,50745,99920 "4AD-4.2 ","B",42849,57716,111877,79716,18641 "4AD-4.3 ","B",91912,29460,113942,82178,25038 "4AD-4.4 ","D",21007,100662,43212,4628,37740 "4AD-4.5 ","B",67273,30918,34375,12521,126429 "4AD-5.1 ","C",118312,104452,89770,93828,35989 "4AD-5.2 ","A",8346,23091,32351,69773,69281 "4AD-5.3 ","C",20809,87209,67692,15949,29386 "4AD-5.4 ","C",45729,99231,17482,54472,134045 "4AD-5.5 ","A",61802,103338,97289,110565,76932 "4AD-6.1 ","D",22828,24038,27534,6224,46192 "4AD-6.2 ","B",4644,52146,103534,17940,85362 "4AD-6.3 ","A",51317,92731,37971,20572,12233 "4AD-6.4 ","C",105532,122391,119299,100640,65075 "4AD-7.1 ","C",77319,116085,63407,81637,92778 "4AD-7.2 ","C",79472,31665,25060,90724,94522 "4AD-7.3 ","A",124691,51382,121938,24956,17723 "4AE-1.1 ","A",68431,93283,74513,82974,41698 "4AE-1.2 ","D",74889,120157,24082,34256,58738 "4AE-1.3 ","A",124082,52357,91771,24037,50084 "4AE-1.4 ","B",130596,16964,75817,85666,19813 "4AE-2.1 ","C",24042,86248,19654,63209,97686 "4AE-2.2 ","B",66817,117031,110932,126333,31511 "4AE-2.3 ","D",124876,34554,26380,46212,125585 "4AE-2.4 ","B",34650,122585,46175,94343,22707 "4AE-2.5 ","A",62901,32031,123308,51633,119137 "4AE-2.6 ","B",101112,21383,111230,25586,19344 "4AE-2.7 ","B",109582,99410,107527,99184,106298 "4AE-3.1 ","A",76044,112749,120287,14583,121262 "4AE-3.2 ","C",28530,44822,101900,26935,65110 "4AE-3.3 ","A",132421,32327,125447,91283,129765 "4AE-3.4 ","A",103238,128152,17441,14812,61066 "4AE-3.5 ","C",28060,127069,29843,23477,106305 "4AE-4.1 ","B",90355,12601,69281,37761,14032 "4AE-4.2 ","D",6512,22384,83224,56948,36838 "4AE-4.3 ","C",43165,83035,61970,94145,108620 "4AE-4.4 ","B",128036,118254,36688,131168,93958 "4AE-4.5 ","B",79789,22038,116057,5870,44413 "4AE-4.6 ","A",115029,84048,108933,81843,70580 "4AE-4.7 ","D",51496,16717,72762,109526,70568 "4AE-5.1 ","C",74884,28750,18116,78997,97154 "4AE-5.2 ","B",125717,130192,75198,109802,71759 "4AE-5.3 ","C",69589,129253,19094,53327,40173 "4AE-5.4 ","A",23541,46222,36986,20114,58308 "4AE-5.5 ","B",80576,131231,86456,7664,11574 "4AE-5.6 ","D",60297,73680,47001,31411,50133 "4AE-5.7 ","C",100343,125113,91875,65928,37122 "4AE-5.8 ","A",63703,53419,128316,91319,32083 "4AE-5.9 ","B",34299,129600,93690,104958,71108 "4AE-5.10 ","C",4530,87913,20972,106843,16172 "4AE-5.11 ","A",74889,32520,64667,40353,52944 "4AE-5.12 ","B",56970,96363,28554,98986,61458 "4AE-5.13 ","C",112090,117888,75375,63305,53224 "4AE-5.14 ","D",68919,76630,113563,28906,9891 "4AE-5.15 ","A",18746,8915,31017,119603,54327 "4AE-5.16 ","B",108527,96659,72979,74035,87247 "4AE-5.17 ","C",89897,54973,110729,13940,59145 "4AE-5.18 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